The city of Ulan-Ude: population. Number, employment, social protection

The capital of the Republic of Buryatia is Ulan-Ude. The population of this city is quite diverse in its social status, ethnicity, age, etc. This administrative center has an interesting and rich history that could not but affect the formation of the image of its inhabitants. Let's find out what the population of Ulan-Ude is, and also the history of its formation.

Geographical location

But before you start to study the population of Ulan-Ude, you need to figure out where exactly this settlement is located.

As mentioned above, Ulan-Ude is the capital city of the Republic of Buryatia. It is located on the territory of Eastern Siberia, in the western part of Transbaikalia, at a distance of about 100 km from the shore of the deepest in the world Lake Baikal.

A large river Selenga flows through the city , dividing it into two parts. In addition, in the area related to Ulan-Ude, another river flows into this river - Uda.

The capital of Buryatia is located in a region with a sharply continental type of climate, characterized by warm summers and very cold winters.

The city covers an area of 347.6 thousand square meters. Km.

History

To learn how the population of the city of Ulan-Ude was being formed, one must look into its history.

Since ancient times, the tribes of the Buryats inhabited the territory on which Ulan-Ude is now located. The Russians began actively to penetrate into these places from the XVII century. In 1666 they founded the village of Udinsk on the site of the modern capital of Buryatia. Its name it received, because it was located in the very mouth of the Uda river. Its main function was to ensure the collection of yasak from conquered Buryats. In 1678, the village acquired defensive structures and was transformed into the Udinsky prison. In 1689 the prison was turned into a real fortress, which was called Verkhneudinskaya.

In the 30s of the XVIII century the new name - Verkhneudinsk became widespread. In 1775 the fortress received the status of a city, which in eight years became the center of the district in Irkutsk province. Gradually the city began to turn into the center of the Trans-Baikal region.

After the October Revolution, Verkhneudinsk several times replaced its status. In the beginning it became the administrative center of Pribaikalskaya province, in 1920 it was the capital of the Far Eastern republic, which was formally considered an independent state. However, in this status the city was only about six months. In 1923 he received the status of the capital of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR in the RSFSR. In 1934, Verkhneudinsk was renamed Ulan-Ude, which means "Red Uda" from Buryat. That is, to the name of the river, which from time immemorial was present in the name of the city, the word "red" was added in the Buryat language, symbolizing the color of Soviet power. Thus, the city's name simultaneously acquired an ideological and national Buryat shade.

In Soviet times, the city expanded and modernized, enterprises and factories were built. If initially the main population were Russian settlers, during the Soviet period more and more Buryats from other settlements of Transbaikalia moved to Ulan-Ude. The population of the city became ethnically diverse. In 1957 the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR was renamed the Buryat ASSR, and, accordingly, Ulan-Ude became the capital of this transformed autonomy. After the collapse of the USSR, in 1992, Ulan-Ude became the capital of the Republic of Buryatia, which is a subject of the Russian Federation. In this status the city is still today.

Population

The main demographic index of any territorial unit is the number of inhabitants. The population of Ulan-Ude at the moment is 430.55 thousand people.

If we compare with other regional centers of the Russian Federation, then we must say that this is an average. Ulan-Ude ranks 42nd in the number of inhabitants among all cities of Russia.

Dynamics of the number of inhabitants

But not always had so many residents of Ulan-Ude. The population of this city periodically increased or decreased. Let's look at the demography of the capital of Buryatia in dynamics.

The first data on the population in the future Ulan-Ude date back to 1695. Then in Verkhneudinsk fortress lived 1981 resident. In 1770, Verkhneudinsk had already 4,700 inhabitants. But then the number began to decline. So, in 1820 it was 3000 inhabitants, and in five years - 2024 inhabitants. But then the number of residents began to grow. In 1829 it was 2,292 people, and in 1851 it reached 3746. In 1856, the number of inhabitants again decreased to 3,400 people, but in 1860 it again increased, and amounted to 4,032 people. In 1890, the number increased to a record 5223 people.

From that moment the number of the city's population began to grow rapidly. After seven years, it already amounted to 8086 inhabitants, and by 1917 reached the level of 21.6 thousand people. In 1931, already 44.0 thousand people reached the number of residents of the city of Ulan-Ude. In particular, the population increased particularly rapidly in the 1930s. This was due to both forced resettlement of those who were repressed in Siberia, including the capital of Buryatia, and with the voluntary relocation of young people involved in the industrialization of the region. In 1939, the population of Ulan-Ude reached a record figure of 125.7 thousand people. That is three times more than eight years before.

In the future, the growth trend continued. So, in 1956 the number of inhabitants reached 158,0 thousand people, in 1970 - 253,6 thousand people, in 1980 - 303,2 people. The growth of the number continued until 1987, when the number of inhabitants was 351,0 thousand people. But in 1988 in Ulan-Ude the first decrease in the number of residents was observed for more than 100 years. Then the number of residents of the city decreased to the level of 345.2 thousand people.

In the following years, there were peculiar "swings": the population was increasing or decreasing. So, in 1989 its number was 352.5 thousand people, in 1992 - 366.0 thousand people, in 1995 - 363 thousand people, People, in 1997 - 370.0 thousand people, in 1998 - 366.1 thousand people, in 2002 - 374.9 thousand people. Since 2003 and ending 2009, inclusive, there has been an annual decrease in the population of residents of Ulan-Ude. So, during this period it decreased by 359.3 thousand people. Up to 340.2 thousand people.

In 2010 there was a sharp increase in the number of residents of Ulan-Ude. The number was 404.4 thousand people. True, this was not due to natural increase, but because of the addition of a number of suburban settlements to Ulan-Ude. But all the same it should be noted that it is precisely since 2010 that the number of city residents has steadily increased. In 2013, it reached the number of 416.1 thousand people, and in 2016 it was again broken record. The number of residents has reached the level of 430.6 thousand people.

At present, the trend of demographic growth in Ulan-Ude remains.

Population density

Knowing the total number of inhabitants of the city, and the area of the territory occupied by it, it is not difficult to calculate the density of the population. In Ulan-Ude, it is 1238.6 people / 1 square. Km.

If compared with other nearby regional centers of Eastern Siberia, the density in Chita is 643.3 people / 1 square. Km, and in Irkutsk 623.4 people / 1 square. Km. Thus, we see that in Ulan-Ude, the relatively high density of residents.

Ethnic composition

Now let's find out which people of nationalities live in Ulan-Ude. The city is dominated by two nations - Russians and Buryats. Russian in Ulan-Ude, the absolute majority - 62.1%. Buryat in the capital of the republic is also quite a lot - 31.9%.

All other nations in total account for only 6% of the total population. Among them, there are ethnic minorities such as Ukrainians, Tatars, Koreans and Chinese.

Religion

In the city of Ulan-Ude, quite a lot of different religious confessions. Nevertheless, the overwhelming majority of the city's residents profess Orthodox Christianity.

In addition, Ulan-Ude has representatives of such religious movements as Islam, Buddhism, Catholicism, various Protestant currents, Jehovah's Witnesses, as well as people who profess the original Buryat religion - shamanism.

Economy of the city

The employment of the population of Ulan-Ude is provided by both large enterprises and individual entrepreneurs. The largest organizations are aviation and locomotive plants, Buryatzoloto and Buryatnefteprodukt, a number of power complexes (TPP-1, Buryatenergosbyt, Trunk Power Grids, etc.).

In addition, the city has a developed light and food industry, operates a number of large trading enterprises. Although, of course, engineering remains the main direction of production in Ulan-Ude.

Employment center

For those who are still temporarily unemployed, the Employment Center of the population offers its services. Ulan-Ude - a fairly large industrial city, so various vacancies are available on the labor exchange constantly. In addition, in the Center, if necessary, you can improve your qualification level or get a new profession.

What kind of work does the Employment Center of Ulan-Ude provide? Jobs here are very diverse. Employees are always in demand for low-skilled jobs. But at the same time, engineering and other technical professions are in demand. But in lawyers and economists, the need for employers is relatively low.

People who have temporarily lost their jobs and are registered with the Employment Center receive a state unemployment benefit.

Social protection

But the unemployment benefit is not the only social security of the state. Social protection of the population of Ulan-Ude - this is a question that is solved mainly by the Department of Labor and Social Protection.

It is this body that is responsible for charging benefits to disabled people, women in childbirth, the poor and other socially unprotected categories of the population, whose care has been delegated to him by the state.

General characteristics of the population of Ulan-Ude

As you can see, Ulan-Ude is a constantly growing city. Currently, there is a positive dynamics of population growth. In addition, the capital of Buryatia has developed industry and other spheres of management, which allows to maximally provide the city population with jobs.

The overwhelming majority of the inhabitants of Ulan-Ude are Russian and Buryat, with the numerical superiority of the former.

In general, the city of Ulan-Ude, like its inhabitants, has quite optimistic prospects. This allows the population of the capital of Buryatia to look to the future with hope. But, of course, the further development of the city to a large extent depends on the development of the Russian Federation as a whole.