Tendons of the hand: anatomical structure, inflammation and damage

How often among people there are those who have even once encountered pain or stiffness in the tendons. The cause of this could be trauma, stretching or excessive load. Discomfort also causes a disease called tendonitis, which results in an inflammation of the tendon of the hand. The treatment of these processes requires great patience and attention.

Anatomical features of the tendon of the hand

Tendons are part of the muscles with increased density, which do not have elasticity. With their help, the muscle tissue is attached to the bone. In this regard, in violation of the integrity of the tendon may lose one of the functions of the brush. In the palm of the person flexors are located, and on the back of the fingers - their extensors. These tendons make it possible to squeeze a hand into a fist. With their help, a person is able to take an object.

In this case, each finger has 2 flexor tendons. One of them is superficially located. It is connected with the middle phalanx. Simultaneously, the second in the depth of the muscles is attached to the nail phalanx. The first has 2 legs, between which is a deep flexor. When it is damaged or broken, the end of the tendon is pulled up. And this can lead to difficulties in the treatment of injuries. In the case of extensors, the position of the tendon of the hand does not practically change, which greatly facilitates the work of doctors during operations.

The causes of tendonitis

Among the causes that result in the development of the disease of the tendon of the hand, the most common is a prolonged load. As a result, the sites where the muscle attachment occurs are affected. As a rule, these diseases tendon hand brushes most often occur in athletes or builders. Often, those who constantly raise something heavy suffer. In addition, there are still a number of circumstances in which there may also be problems with the tendons of the hands:

• One-time or multiple injury of joints.
• Bacterial infection affecting the tendon.
• Rheumatic joint disease.
• Diseases of the spine.
• Anatomical disorder in the structure of the joint.
• Various diseases affecting the endocrine system.
• Some diseases of the immune system.
• Congenital or acquired dysplasia of the joints of the hands.
• Neuropathy.

When the body has an inflammatory process in the form of tendonitis, it is considered a normal reaction to irritation.

Symptoms of tendonitis

Most often the symptoms manifest themselves depending on which area of the tendon of the hand is damaged.

1. Pain lesions occur on the site of the lesion. Often they are long-lasting. The pain can grow gradually or arise immediately. When you feel the place of inflammation, you can find the boundaries of the affected area of the tendon.
2. There is swelling in the lesion. This is due to an inflammatory reaction in which a transudate and exudate is formed. These substances affect the size and shape of the affected areas.
3. There is hyperemia and reddening of the tissues around the affected tendon.
4. The body temperature rises.
5. There are sounds when you move the joint (clicking or creaking).
6. There are problems with the normal functioning of the brush. Most often due to the fact that the joint cavity is filled with fluid. In this case, the tendon itself hardens and contracts. The result can be a complete loss of the ability to move the brush (ankylosis).

Types of tendinitis

Inflammatory processes can occur in the tendons throughout the body. Depending on the site of localization, there are several types of tendinitis. Each of them has its own characteristics and individual symptoms:

• Lateral tendonitis. Inflammation covers the area on the outer part of the elbow. Most often occurs in people involved in sports. Symptoms of this kind of ailment are: the decline of strength in the hand, the violation of its functionality. Tendonitis affects wrist flexion. Pain is felt in the forearm area.
• The medial. Inflammation tendon flexors of the forearm. Localization of the focus is on the inside of the elbow.
• Tendonitis of humeral joints. Most often happens because of a shoulder joint injury. If the tendon ruptured as a result of the damage, urgent medical attention is needed.
• Tendonitis of the Achilles tendon. When it occurs, it becomes impossible to stand on toe socks or there is a lot of pain, because of which it can not be done.
• Tendonitis of the posterior tibia. Often due to the appearance of this disease flat feet develop. When he appears, there is a pain during running and lifting weights.
• Tendonitis of the tendon of the hand. There is a difficulty with the implementation of the usual actions. The diagnosis is made after a series of tests that help to detect the disease.

Definition and treatment of tendonitis

Treatment of the tendons of the hand first of all begins with examination and revealing the causes of tendonitis. The diagnostic process is carried out in stages:

1. Inspection. At this stage, the doctor can detect visible abnormalities in the form of swelling or asymmetry at the site of the injury.
2. Carrying out of analyzes. This stage is necessary in order to identify the presence of inflammatory processes that can occur as a result of infection in open wounds.
3. X-ray. Carried out in any case, if the above symptoms were found.
4. Ultrasound. A study is being performed to detect any change in the structure of the tendon tissue.
5. In some cases, use special orthopedic tests that help to identify the localization of inflammatory processes.

Tendonitis with a timely start of treatment begins to recede after a few days, but the final recovery should be expected after 1-2 months.

Sprains and their types

The stretching of the tendons of the hand can have 3 degrees of severity, depending on the injuries:

• 1st stage. In the tendons appear micro-snaps, which are characterized by minor pain and discomfort.
• 2nd stage. As a result of partial ruptures, edema occurs. The brush becomes less mobile, and when you try to stir it there is a sharp pain.
• 3rd stage. The stretching of the tendons is so strong that it leads to rupture of the ligaments. It is accompanied by severe pain and instability of the joint.

Methods of treatment of stretching

After receiving the injury, you may need to see a trauma doctor who will prescribe the treatment. The first measures to be taken when stretching occur are as follows:

1. Fixing the brush in a fixed state.
2. Imposition of a cold compress.
3. Delivery of the victim to the hospital.

Depending on the degree of damage, as a treatment at the third stage, either a gypsum longi is used, or an operation on the hand is performed. Tendons in this case are restored a fairly long time. The first and second stages can be cured at home.

Damage to the tendons

The most common are open injuries of tendons that result from a cut or exposure to it by various mechanisms (for example, in the production of something). The main task of the victim is timely treatment in the hospital, since for the preservation of the functionality of the hand, first aid should be given within 24 hours after the injury. If the patient does not seek the help in time, then the delayed secondary suture is applied to the damaged tendons of the hand.

At home, the problem is eliminated by the complete immobilization of the brush. In addition, the patient is shown various physiotherapy procedures. In most cases, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibacterial and restorative drugs are prescribed to him.