Signs of the Revolution, Differences from Reforms

To distinguish the main features of the revolution is important to any beginning historian or researcher of public disciplines. What is its essential uniqueness, in particular, difference from evolution? - способность классов к совместным массовым действиям, которые будут достаточно сильными, чтобы противостоять действующей власти. Experts identify the signs of the revolution, the main of them - the ability of classes to joint mass action, which will be strong enough to resist the current authorities.

How to recognize the revolution?

Most importantly, these are rapid and significant changes that occur quickly and change the very basis of the existing system.

The main signs of the revolution, which should pay attention to any novice historian. First of all, experts identify several types of revolutions. They can be natural, economic, political, scientific and social. If a crisis occurs in a public or adjacent area, then all prerequisites for a revolutionary situation appear .

Main features

The main sign is a cardinal change in the existing state system, a global change in the attitude of members of society to the current government. The timing of these changes may vary. The most rapid revolutions take place in one to two months, the maximum period is one to two years.

Signs of the revolution, which also should not be forgotten, are that everything happens necessarily under the leadership of the revolutionary movement. And this movement can come as "from below" (if the power seeking to change in the opposition), and "from above" (if they managed to seize power).

It is also important to determine the causes of the revolution. This is primarily the inability of the state to effectively manage the society. Among the economic reasons, the main one is the decline in the state economy, which leads to an aggravating crisis. Social reasons lie in the unfair distribution of income between social classes.

The Neolithic Revolution

It is also important to understand the concept of the Neolithic revolution. This is a key term for understanding how human society evolved.

In its essence, the Neolithic revolution is the transition of human society from the most primitive economy, which included hunting and gathering, to a more complex social structure. This is an agriculture that is based on livestock farming and farming. This is important to understand when you are asked: "Group the signs of the Neolithic revolution."

Scientists-archeologists authentically established that the first domestic animals appeared about 10 thousand years ago. And, surprisingly, it happened at the same time in 6-8 regions, independently of each other. First of all, they are the countries of the Middle East.

For the first time this concept was used by British archaeologist Gordon Child, who lived at the beginning of the 20th century and adhered to the ideas of Marxism.

How to recognize the Neolithic revolution?

The main features of the Neolithic revolution are the following: the emergence of tools from fundamentally new materials. First of all, it is a stone.

The next sign is the appearance of a division of labor. In human society, certain trades are beginning to emerge, which are dealt with only by specific people.

Third - the emergence of arable farming, as well as a settled way of life. The emergence of permanent settlements.

Management becomes a special form of labor, and, consequently, class stratification begins in society. An individual farm is emerging, private property appears. All these are signs of the Neolithic revolution.

Reforms and revolutions

The signs of reform and revolution are very similar in many respects, but in principle they are very different.

The revolution is a complete change of the majority, if not all aspects of social life. And the reforms consist in a gradual and systematic change in one particular aspect of public life. At the same time, the existing social, social and political structure is invariably preserved. Power remains in the hands of the ruling class in power.

Therefore, the reforms in this case are closer to evolutionary processes, when there is no radical breakdown of the existing system.

Another difference is that reforms are mandatory "top". While the revolution most often begins "from below," from social strata that are not directly in power.

It should be noted that in Soviet historiography for a long time most of the reforms were perceived as a direct threat to the existing power structure. This happened even in cases when the reforms themselves were not the result of mass actions, but were initiated by public structures close to the current government. According to the opinion among historians, any changes were still a potential threat to the preservation of state power in the country.