Serfdom in Russia is the most difficult in Europe

Serfdom, whose definition was first revealed, as a dependence of the peasants on the power of the feudal lord and administrative and judicial nature, was the hardest in Europe.

By The expropriation of the judicial and administrative power of a certain feudal lord among the peasants was inherited. They were deprived of the right to alienate land plots and purchase real estate.

It is worth noting that serfdom in Russia dates back to Kievan Rus and lasted until the middle of the 19th century. For the first time, serfdom is mentioned in the Russkaya Pravda, where in the norms of law inequality in the positions of the estate is seen. Here it is said that one can not refer to the testimony of a servant. In the event that as a witness there is no free man, it is quite possible to point out the boyar tyny. If necessary, in a small lawsuit, it is possible to refer to procurement.

Procure is a free man who worked for a farmer, he was called a smerd. Another form of dependent people in tsarist Russia were dandychi - these are peasants who signed a contract, a number.

Serfdom in Russia enslaved the population in the period from the XV to the XVII century. The Code of Law of 1497 satisfied the necessary requirements for the ruling class. The restriction of the peasant output was formalized at the legislative level. Now, with every care, the peasant was required to pay the elderly - a certain amount of the agreed size, which was mandatory for all peasants. The size of the elderly was determined by the yard in which the yard was located: a forest or steppe strip.

In comparison with the charters, the period of the XIV - XV centuries, the judge made serfdom in Russia tougher. This is especially evident in the second part of the Code, where the output of the large and most mobile mass of the population from the countryside, who were called new arrivals, or new rowers, is limited. It is a question of peasants who passed after the expiration of an annual or other small term, to another farmer.

The code of Tsar Fedor Ioannovich from 1597 granted the landlord the right for five years and return it to the owner. The term of the search for fugitive peasants increases the Decree of 1642, which was published by Romanov Mikhail Fedorovich. In accordance with it fugitive peasants were searched for ten years, and exported - 15 years.

Cathedral position in 1649 Alexei Mikhailovich introduced a complete ban on the transition of peasants and "Yuryev Day" including. Thus, the peasant was attached to the owner, not to the land. Under the reign of Peter 1, it is possible, through recruitment, to leave the peasantry. Despite the fact that serfdom in Russia lasted for several centuries, the general measures of attaching peasants were completely absent.

It is worth noting that serfdom in Europe did not have such a long and difficult period of time as in tsarist Russia. Here it was introduced several times and canceled.

Already in the middle of the 14th century, the work of peasants, who were too extinct after the plague epidemic, became more valuable. If earlier European peasants were slaves, now they have lost such status, but they were not yet free.