Tsarist Russia and its history in details

Tsarist Russia is a historical period spanning a fairly long period of time. It begins with the reign of the first Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible and ends in 1917, when the autocracy was abolished. Up to now, many historical relics and artifacts have come down that reveal new facets and details of history. Perhaps the most studied of them are various military awards, because they were awarded for special merits, heroic deeds and heroism. Mostly awarded were men, since women did not serve in the ranks of the regular army. But still for the fair sex there were their insignia.

Order of Liberation

The most important and honorable award of all women was the Order of St. Catherine. It was first given to Peter the Great by his wife. The history of its origin is interesting. During the Prut march the troops of the first emperor were surrounded. And if it were not for Catherine's jewelry and skilful negotiation, the Russian army would have been completely ruined. As a token of gratitude, Peter instituted this order, adorned with an abundance of precious stones, with the motto "For Love and Fatherland". The color of the tape is pink. Sometimes it is called in another way - the Order of Liberation. He existed in 2 degrees, he was given to all the female children of the royal blood at birth, and also especially distinguished and distinguished ladies. Now the echoes of this custom have come to us in the form of bandaging the pink ribbon of newborn girls.

Women's awards

Women's awards of tsarist Russia were not limited to one Order of St. Catherine, there were medals for performing medical duties when caring for the wounded or simply for long-term good performance of duties. For example, the Mariinsky insignia. They were awarded to women who perfectly performed their duties for 15 years or more.

Representatives of the fair sex who carried their services in hospitals and hospitals, received their awards. For example, medals "For the Sisters of Mercy in the Crimea" or "For the Sisters of the Cross-Exaltional Community in Finland".

Another sign of the distinction, which was created at the end of the period of tsarist Russia - the Order of St. Olga. It was presented once to a woman whose three sons, awarded the Order of St. George, gave their lives for the Fatherland.

Studying the form, inscriptions, images and decorations on rewards, you can make a general impression about what was tsarist Russia. This is an interesting and voluminous layer of our history.

Ranks and titles

Men's awards were much larger, they were awarded for committing feats in military battles and for achievements in the peace service. In addition to awards, people were given ranks and titles.

Before Peter I there was no clear ranked system of posts and titles. People who were members of the Boyar Duma were called Duma ranks, among which were distinguished Duma noblemen and deacons, as well as boyars, okolnichih.

In 1722, a table of ranks was introduced, which indicated a clear hierarchy of posts in the military and civil service. From now on the ranks in tsarist Russia were divided into 14 classes. The military were more honorable than civilians, and gave more privileges. To reach the highest class in the army was easier and faster than in the civilian field.

The titles in tsarist Russia are differences, which were honorable for all servicemen: military, state and court service. In the military, they meant belonging to the imperial escort, for example, the adjutant-general or the adjutant's wing.

Women's ranks

The table of ranks brought corrections to the social status of women. Now he was determined by the rank of her father, if she had not yet married, or the rank of her husband - if she came out. The appeal was appropriate, for example, "lady counselor", when they turned to the wife of an adviser. Some women were in the court service, and they, according to the table of ranks, had their personal ranks, not dependent on the position of the husband or father.

The ranks in tsarist Russia are a system that has left its mark in modern society. Despite the fact that in 1918 they were abolished, later their partial restoration occurred, already as ranks of the officers of the Navy.

Coins

The history of money is very exciting and informative. Numerous reforms, changing the shape, size and content of precious metals in coins - all this provides a good cut of the era. And, in addition, helps to understand and present many events in detail. For each coin - his ruler and a certain range of uses. Numismatists collect them, and stories associated with them. There are inexpensive coins of tsarist Russia, and there is - at the price of a fortune. Most of them were released not more than a dozen. Consider the most interesting.

The Konstantinovsky ruble

The history of the appearance of this coin is amazing, because the tsarist Russia does not know the ruler with the name Constantine. The fact is that after the reign of Alexander I in his place was supposed to enter the brother - Constantine - but he in advance, back in 1819, abdicated. Only a few people knew about this, so, as soon as it became known about Alexander's death, the guard took oath to Constantine. The manifesto from the former ruler, in which he announced that Nicholas I will be the heir , arrived in the capital two weeks later. In this uncertain period, the mint began preparations for the release of new coins featuring the image of Constantine. Five samples were produced, which were later distributed among the closest relatives of Alexander II. Now 2 coins are in Russian museums and 3 in foreign collections. Their value at the moment exceeds 100 thousand US dollars.

Square copeck

In 1726, in Ekaterinburg, was released the largest penny in the history of Russia. Its dimensions were 2.3 by 2.3 cm, and weight - 16.38 grams. The price at the moment is 2 million rubles. We got 10 copies of such coins. It is worth noting that at the time square money is not uncommon. There were other denominations in the square version, in particular, at the same time, a weight record holder was issued - a copper ruble weighing 1,638 kg.

The most expensive coin

In 2008, a new record was set for the value of the coin of tsarist Russia - 1 million 550 thousand pounds sterling. Its face value was 20 rubles. And it was released during the monetary reform of 1755. These were test samples in only 2 copies. Now one of them is kept in the Hermitage, and the other in a private collection.

25 rubles from a nugget

In Siberia at the beginning of the last century a large gold nugget weighing 5 kg was found. Emperor Nicholas II decided to make souvenirs from this ingot to give to close friends and relatives for his birthday in 1908. By his order, several coins worth 25 rubles were made. Now such a coin is considered very rare, its price is 1.9 million rubles.

100 coins in the base of the temple

In August 1907, it was exactly one hundred years from the victory over the army of Napoleon under Friedland. In honor of this event, the foundation of a new church near St. Petersburg was laid. In its base were placed 100 gold coins worth 5 rubles. They were ordinary, the only thing that distinguished them - the year of release. In 1907, the mint did not issue coins of this denomination for circulation. The ceremony was attended by Nicholas II himself, his wife and princess Olga, after whom the church was named. A special issue left 9 coins, which were donated to the participants of this event. At the moment, the cost of 5 rubles in 1907 is 4.35 million rubles.

Such interesting and unusual stories tell us coins, revealing the details of the distant past. They reflect the centuries-old era of the Russian state and help to look at the past events under a new, unusual angle. In order to further penetrate our history, we will consider such an interesting detail as buttons on clothes, because they also carry a lot of information about the country and people.

Buttons

In ancient times, buttons were worn not only as a part of clothing, but also as a guard against evil spirits. The name "button" comes from the word "scare", which correlates with its main function at that time - drive away the evil spirit. Then her role changed, and she became a kind of business card of the person. On the caftans, fur coats and any other dress was a strictly defined number of buttons. In form they resembled weights and were very common everywhere. Gradually changing, they adopted the already familiar form for us and became the subject directly indicating the belonging to a certain group. On it it was possible to learn about the situation in society and about the services to the Fatherland. The buttons, like other signs of tsarist Russia, began to denote the place of service or study, they were depicted, for example, by the coat of arms of the institution or by certain symbols indicating the person's belonging to a particular profession.

Tunic buttons

Mundial buttons represent the most interesting layer of history and clearly demonstrate the development of society. This is evident, since the images on them, the manufacturing methods are changing and improving with the passage of time. The buttons of Tsarist Russia before Nicholas I did not have a special variety of drawings. They were smooth and made of tin and copper. But the time of the last three emperors abounds in a variety of forms and images. A large number of stories and various chasing of numerous factories allow everyone to form their opinion on the era.

The imperial eagle and grenada are perhaps the most common symbols of those years. Buttons with such images were worn by grenadiers, some infantry units. Still often there are postal, telegraph and railway. Among the rare are the buttons of the caretakers of lighthouses, pupils of private educational institutions and officers of the Guards.

Production methods

The simplest buttons that tsarist Russia abounds in are stamped ones. When they are manufactured on the metal surface, an image is stamped.

More complex - blown buttons. They were made up of 2 parts. On the top, the front side of the stamp was stamped from the inside, and the lower side was soldered later. Thus, inside it remained hollow.

The most expensive way of manufacturing for overhead buttons. The image on the front side is not stamped, but is made separately, then it is attached with special antennae to the base. Overhead buttons of tsarist Russia are the most beautiful and expensive at the moment.

To study the history of artifacts is very interesting and informative, but I always want to look at people live, to plunge into the head in an era. In this we can help the photo.

The photo

Since the invention of the photo, she immediately finds herself in Russia. And after successful experiments it becomes popular everywhere. Among the early photographers can be noted Levitsky SL - the master of the photo portrait, Karrika VA. - the founder of the genre photography, Bull K.K. - Photojournalist, Barshchevsky IF - the photographer of architecture, Boldyreva I.V. - the author of "folk" pictures and the first woman-photographer - E. Morozovskaya. Their pictures capture both the emperors and the life of the people. Before us in their work appears a new and amazing tsarist Russia. Years of the first photographs, perhaps, the most interesting from a historical point of view.

Colored photographs of tsarist Russia, came to us thanks to the efforts of the most famous photographer - Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky. He received permission from Emperor Nicholas II for a photo review of the Russian Empire. In his trailer, he traveled to the regions of the country, giving lectures on work.

Our history in detail

Summarizing all of the above, I want to note that the history of tsarist Russia is not just a period, knowledge about which is necessary only for general development, but a whole milestone carrying a lot of initial data for the events that take place in the modern world. Many of the customs, rituals and traditions that are popular even now date back to that time. For each person living in our country, the details that carry such an important historical epoch as tsarist Russia are interesting. The photos on which she is imprinted contain a huge amount of information about the life of that time, and studying coins, buttons and awards will help to penetrate even deeper into our history.