A Brief History of Novorossiysk

– славного города, сопровождается былями, документальными фактами и легендами. The history of Novorossiysk - a glorious city, accompanied by the past, documentary facts and legends. Reading about the events that, changing one another, creating his chronicle, at times you stop to understand: it is a question of a real geographical point or of an unknown land invented by a science fiction writer. How can all this happen in one place? It turns out that maybe if his story begins in the 5th century BC.

The place where today is a beautiful city, always attracted people: fertile land, warm sea, good climate. It was worth fighting for. They fought. Many storms swept through here, many times the settlements collapsed. But time passed, and people came back here, settled down and rebuilt the city.

, как добрую сказку, но ничего из этого не получится. I want to tell the story of Novorossiisk for children , like a good fairy tale, but none of this will work. Very often she was completely unkind. But nothing can be changed: this is his story.

Then he wore another name

In the 5th century BC, the place on the bank of the Tsemesskaya Bay attracted the Hellenes, the ancient Greeks, they organized a settlement here - the town of Bata. Trade went well, overseas merchants came here, mountaineers came. So, there were pirates who rarely missed their prey. Defending merchant ships, the ships of the Bosporan king entered into a sea battle with robber tribes.

In the 13th century Tsemesskaya bay was captured by the Golden Horde. But why do the steppe inhabitants need the sea? They went further, deep into the coast, and there they made their predatory raids. And the land on the Black Sea coast was closely watched by Genoese merchants, who agreed to pay tribute to Khan Batu for permission to live and trade here. For many years their ships were masters in the bay. But after the conquest of Constantinople in the 15th century by the Turks, which led to the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the owners of these waters and lands also changed. The Turks drove away the Italians from our shores.

To protect their new territories, they built here in the 18th century the fortress of Sujuk, which our soldiers repeatedly took in battle in the Russian-Turkish wars of that time. But after concluding peace treaties, Sujuk was returned to the Turks until the next military action.

In 1829 the Sujuk fortress finally becomes the shore of Novorossia, the new lands annexed to the Russian Empire. Having won in the next Russian-Turkish war, Russia achieved the right to leave its ships to the Black Sea. . This is the history of the name of Novorossiysk .

Education of Novorossiysk

The local population took a new hostile attitude, all the Caucasian tribes rose to fight the "infidels". The life of the Russians in these places was difficult and dangerous. In addition, the soldiers were sick in an unfamiliar climate.

It was decided to build military shore fortifications and roads between them. The head of the work was appointed General Nikolai Rayevsky. He chose the top of the Sujuk Bay for the construction of one of them.

On September 12, 1838, eleven ships under Russian flags entered Tsemesskaya Bay. They commanded Vice Admiral Mikhail Lazarev, on board one of the ships were General Raevsky and Rear Admiral Serebryakov. Six thousand people landed on the shore, and the tribes left without resistance. It is on September 12 that the city celebrates its birthday.

In January, an order was issued to assign the fortification built here to the city under the name of Novorossiysk.

How the city developed

Thanks to these three outstanding people, not only fortification was built. The Admiralty, port, apartment houses, and commercial shops were built in a short time. They started cultivating gardens and orchards. Established relations with local residents, involving them in the trade and organization of the city. For the children of highlanders, they opened a school. The city grew and developed.

The townspeople placed a monument to the founders of their city on one of the modern squares.

Crimean War

In 1853, the Crimean War began, in which Russia had to fight against a powerful coalition of several European states. In February 1855 the enemy squadron approached Novorossiysk. Realizing that there was no help from anywhere (the Russian fleet was locked up in Sevastopol), and the coastal guns were not long-range, the Russian soldiers were forced to remain silent while a powerful destructive fire was fired from the enemy's ships. When already confident in victory the ships came closer to the shore, our guns hit, so much so that the battered squadron immediately left the bay. The victory was for the Russian soldiers.

But in general, the war was lost, and one of the conditions for concluding a shameful peace was the destruction of the Black Sea fleet and fortifications on the coast. The Russian garrison left Novorossiysk. With him went and the local people.

Revival

не заканчивается на этом. But the history of Novorossiysk does not end there. This wonderful place attracted people, and in 20 years there is a small settlement and military fortification - the station Konstantinovskaya "with one tavern, one mill, one tobacco factory and eight drinking establishments."

People of different nationalities who fled from the Turkish yoke come here, the settlement comes to life and in 1866 it again becomes the city of Novorossiysk.

Industry is developing, a port and a railway are being built. The constructed oil pipeline and the first cement plant "Zvezda", working at the local marl, accelerate its development, attract business people here. This is the golden period in his life. Industrial enterprises, gymnasiums, libraries, hotels, houses are being built. The port is expanding. The winemaking rises to a high level.

Novorossiysk Republic

Wherever industrial enterprises, ports, and the railway operated, the labor force was concentrated, and hence there was a revolutionary movement that swept the country in 1905. Not only port loaders and factory workers took an active part in strikes. The advanced youth did not lag behind them, putting forward their demands. Gymnasium students did not go to classes, demanding to replace cold breakfasts with hot ones, and a man with a doctor for a woman.

But the amusing demands quickly ended, the question arose of power. The movement was headed by professional revolutionaries, who relied on the fighting squad of the workers. The power passed to the Soviet of Workers' Deputies. For two weeks in the city, the Novorossiysk Republic was proclaimed. как советского города началась намного раньше других советских городов. The history of Novorossiysk as a Soviet city began much earlier than other Soviet cities.

Something the Soviets managed to do in favor of the working class. All this period in the city was observed "revolutionary order and discipline".

The end of the republic came with the entry of a punitive detachment into the city. The Soviets self-dissolved.

The Years of the Formation of Soviet Power

в этот период можно сказать так: власть менялась многократно и часто. Briefly about the history of Novorossiysk in this period can be said so: the power changed many times and often. Representatives of the Provisional Government were inferior to its Bolsheviks, those - the commander of the Volunteer Army. Colonel Kutepov, the governor of the city, retreating with the last wave of emigrants, was almost overtaken by the Red Army. The Soviet government returned "seriously and for a long time".

Up to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War the city lived the life of its country: the economy was destroyed by war, five-year plans were fulfilled, the boys joined the October and Pioneer detachments.

War

From the first days of the war, the city starts to work for the front, the factories from fascist-captured places are being evacuated here. In the summer of 1942, the Germans approached Novorossiysk.

Soviet soldiers fiercely defended their city and were able to stop the enemy, despite its superior forces. The Germans pulled up additional troops and entered the western part of it. All! Further they could not advance a step, no matter what they were undertaking. Our people stood to death, not letting the enemy pass to the Caucasus.

More than a year, 393 days, troops fought for the territory of Novorossiysk. Nobody retreated. Such a long defense was able to withstand only one more city - Leningrad. For this feat in 1973 he was awarded the title Hero City. The history of Novorossiysk keeps a memory of these events. Many monuments and monuments in the city are dedicated to the heroes of the war.

Recovery

After a year of fighting, only ruins remained on the streets of the city. It was decided to build it again. And built under the guidance of architect Boris Iofan.

. The center of the cement industry, the most important transport hub of the Russian south, the city of winemaking and, of course, the Black Sea port - is the history of the city of Novorossiysk today .

The city, which has survived so many centuries, has survived and won, lives today a labor, full-fledged life. Новороссийск относится бережно, сохраняя ее для потомков. Through whatever he went through troubles and events, Novorossiysk treats its history carefully, preserving it for posterity. Many memorable places speak about past events.

The beginning of the city's formation, its historical center is the Heroes' Square at the seaport. , города героических людей. From here you can start a story for children about the history of Novorossiysk , the city of heroic people.

The central street of the Soviets immortalized the memory of the revolutionary movement of 1905 and the Novorossiysk Republic.

The embankment, the most beautiful street, reminds one of the founders of Novorossiysk, Lazare Markovich Serebryakov.

, их названиях, в многочисленных памятниках, в сердцах жителей. The history of Novorossiysk in the streets , their names, in numerous monuments, in the hearts of the inhabitants. But the most important memorial place, preserved in the centuries as beautiful, remains the Black Sea Tsemesskaya Bay, which has seen its difficult but such a beautiful history.