Pavel Egorovich Chekhov: biography. The Chekhovs' family. Father Anton Pavlovich Chekhov

Father Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, Pavel Egorovich, was born in 1825 in with. Olhovatka. The Chekhovs' family was serfs. At the school PE Chekhov studied literacy, singing, mastered the violin. Since 1840 he studied at the Chertkov sugar factory in his village.

Youth

Since 1841, he became a free peasant, thanks to his father, then he was added to Rostov's list of burghers. A year later he had already driven the bulls from his village to Moscow, where he successfully sold them.

In 1844, his father appointed Pavel Yegorovich to Kobylin I. Ye. (Taganrog merchant). In less than a year, Chekhov was already in charge of his trade in the office part.

A year later Pavel Egorovich Chekhov (1825-1898 g.) Played a wedding, his choice was Morozova Eugenia Yakovlevna. Subsequently, she gave him six heirs: Alexander, Nicholas, Anton, Ivan, Maria and Michael. Thus, the Chekhovs' family was large and friendly.

To further successfully develop their trade, he had to abandon the philistine class. July 21, 1858 Pavel Egorovich was awarded the merchant title of the third guild. A year later he was confirmed in the rank of the second guild, which was paid sixteen more years.

But the trade was not the only occupation of Chekhov, he also took an active part in the public activities of the city. So, since 1866 Pavel Egorovich Chekhov was appointed a member of the commercial deputation, four years later he received a formulary list. In 1871 he was awarded a medal.

Family ruin

1876 was not easy for the family of Pavel Yegorovich, it was ruined. This was due to the decline of trade in Taganrog, since at that time railway tracks were laid in Rostov. Also Pavel Egorovich Chekhov, the father of Anton Chekhov, paid for the construction of a house for his family, but the unscrupulous contractor set a too high price for the construction.

All this drove the family into a debt hole. Pavel Egorovich Chekhov, whose biography was very difficult, was forced to leave for Moscow. There he spent more than a year in poverty.

In 1877 he received the position of clerk from the merchant IE Gavrilov. There, AP Chekhov's father worked more than thirteen years.

Since 1892, Mr .. moved to Melikhovo estate Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. There he kept housekeeping, looked after the garden, wrote a diary, studied all newspaper publications and informed AP Chekhov about the articles.

The cause of Pavel Yegorovich's death was an unsuccessful operation in 1898, which was conducted in Moscow. There he was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Wife

Evgenia Yakovlevna Chekhov (Morozova) was the wife of Pavel Yegorovich. As a child, she was not taught literacy for long and at home.

Before she was twelve, she lost her father. Her family was forced to move to Taganrog, where she was sent to the Institute of Noble Maidens Kurilova. There she mastered the good manners, the tone, was taught to dance.

Yevgenia Yakovlevna survived the period of the ruin of the family hard, but she always believed in her husband and supported all his undertakings. The leadership of the household in Moscow and Melikhov she took over.

Exemplary parents, Pavel Yegorovich Chekhov, Yevgenia Chekhov spent a lot of time educating and educating their children. Evgenia Yakovlevna was very hospitable, affectionate and sympathetic woman. I was sure that each of the children loves her in a special way. In turn, she did not sing out favorites among them, and she gave her love to her children in full.

Death overtook her before the 83-year-old birthday, the cause of this was a serious illness.

In the future, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov repeatedly mentioned that he inherited talent from his father, and from his mother he took the best - her soul.

Pavel Egorovich Chekhov. Children. Elder Alexander

The eldest son of Pavel Yegorovich Alexander was born in 1855, he was a writer. He graduated from gymnasium in Taganrog and received a silver medal. Right after that, Alexander went to Moscow to enter the physics and mathematics faculty of the university. At the age of 27 successfully completed his studies.

In his student years he collaborated with many newspapers and magazines, supervised the first experiments of Anton Pavlovich.

In 1881 he began to cohabit with AI Khrushchev-Sokolnikova. He could not marry her, because the Tula spiritual consistory did not consent to a divorce from her husband, thus condemning her to eternal celibacy. This did not prevent the beloved from having two heirs (Anton and Nicholas).

For four years he served in the Taganrog, St. Petersburg and Novorossiysk customs. This left a negative imprint on his work, because he almost abandoned it. In 1886 Anton Pavlovich helped Alexander get a position in the newspaper.

Two years later he lost his wife, and in 1889 he was married to NA Golden, who was the governess of his children. She gave him a third son - Michael.

Nikolai

Nikolai Pavlovich Chekhov was born in 1858, he was a remarkable artist. He graduated from the 5th grade at the gymnasium in Taganrog. Then he graduated from the School of Painting, Knitting and Architecture in Moscow.

Even in his student years he began to work as a draftsman and cartoonist in magazines, he was engaged in illustrating the works of Anton Pavlovich.

His civil wife was AA Ipatyeva-Golden. Despite his softness, he drank a lot. Consumption led him to death in fairly early years.

Anton

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was born in 1860. He was a famous prose writer and playwright.

Training in the gymnasium did not prevent him from helping Pavel Yegorovich in a grocery store. Having successfully completed the first stage of education, he became a student at the Medical Faculty of the University of Moscow.

At the age of twenty, he published his first publication in the magazine Strekoza. And on this he did not stop, continuing to be published in various editions of that time under various pseudonyms.

After graduating from university, he took up the post of district doctor, without leaving his literary activity.

At the age of 27 he put his first play "Uncle Vanya". In 1890, Sakhalin was engaged in the classification and description of the history and life of prisoners, subsequently the book "Sakhalin Island" was published.

After thirty years Anton Pavlovich Chekhov became a famous and respected writer, his readers loved his works very much.

Only at age 41 he was married, Olga Leonardovna Knipper-Chekhova became his chosen one. Olga was born in the city of Glazov, her father was an engineer. She performed the first roles in the productions of Chekhov. They met in 1898 at the rehearsal of the performances "The Seagull", "Tsar Feodor Ioannovich".

Chekhov was in love at first sight and was amazed by her voice, nobility, sincerity. Olga herself said that from that very moment the complex knot of her life began to drag out. Unfortunately, their marriage did not last long.

At the age of 44, tuberculosis led him to death. The writer is buried, like his father Pavel Chekhov, at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Ivan

Ivan Pavlovich was born in 1861 and spent his entire life as a teacher. When the family moved to live in Moscow, he stayed in his hometown and interlaced books. At the age of eighteen, he already taught at Voskresensk. Having worked there for five years, he went to Moscow, where he directed several folk schools and at the same time taught.

All his life he regretted that he could not even get a secondary education, and was engaged in self-development. Unlike Nikolai, his character was distinguished by firmness and imperiousness.

In 1893, Melikhov held his wedding with SV Andreeva.

Maria

Maria Pavlovna was born in 1863, known as an artist and teacher. At the age of nine she began to study at the Taganrog Women's Gymnasium.
Having moved to Moscow, she successfully graduated from the Filaretovo Diocesan Women's School. Then she graduated from the highest women's historical and cultural courses Gerie. Until the age of 41, she worked as a teacher of history and geography in the women's gymnasium.

At the same time she was engaged in painting and studied at the Stroganov School. Maria also successfully studied in the studio of A.A. The death of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov pushed her to publish her brother's literary works, she created the writer's house-museum, where she was the director. The cause of her death was a heart attack.

Michael

Mikhail Pavlovich was born in 1868, as well as his brother, he was engaged in writing. In Moscow he successfully graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University.

Worked as a tax inspector, then headed the department of the Yaroslavl bureaucracy.
His brother's creativity prompted him to study literature, and he began working in children's magazines. But he did not publish under his own name, but chose the pseudonym "M. Bohemian".

Creativity was his element: he painted beautifully, could easily play the piano, was engaged in writing (stories, novellas, poems, translations). Later he wrote the Chekhov encyclopedia - the book "About Chekhov".

Father - Yegor Mikhailovich Chekhov

Chekhov's father P.Ye. was a serf peasant of the Chertkovs all his life. He earned a living as a farmer, after which he began working at the Chertkovs sugar factory. Subsequently, he received the post of clerk there.

His wife was EE Shimko, who gave him four heirs (Michael, Paul, Mitrofan, Alexander). Yegor Mikhailovich was well-trained in literacy and took good care of the education of his children. He was very industrious, strong-willed and economical person. Thanks to these qualities, he was able to redeem his family and become a free peasant.

After his release, Yegor Mikhailovich started selling horses, became a philistine and bought a small house for his family in the city of Taganrog. However, the city did not suit him, and he spent the rest of his life in the village.