Sambo is self-defense without weapons. Martial arts

The development of sambo began in the 1930s in the USSR. This kind of struggle includes a huge number of techniques taken from national martial arts. Sambo can be divided into sports and combat. They have differences. It is necessary to distinguish between these variations, before a certain section of Sambo is chosen. In this review we will talk about this single combat.

Creation of martial art for the NKVD

The development of sambo began to engage Spiridonov VA It was he who became the first creator of this martial art. In the period from 1922 to 1933 he developed and described in several books the technique of self-defense. As a basis for its creation were taken English and French boxing, "everyday fight", as well as Japanese martial art ju-jitsu.

The whole technique of fighting Spiridonov is divided into several sections. These are dopes, levers, strokes, combined tricks, pressing and squeezing, conclusions from balance and twisting. On the basis of this technique, they are offered methods of protection against various captures and from an attack by an armed enemy. Self-defense without a weapon (sambo) Spiridonov conducted for the NKVD officers. At first the struggle bore the name "itself", then it was renamed "samoz". And only with time, martial arts got its final name - Sambo.

The technical arsenal of martial art included punches, kicks, painful joint techniques, and strangulation. The receptions were to be held in the rack. Then there was no fight in the stalls. Kimonos for sambo in those days looked like a jacket with a belt sewn to it. Also fighters wore wrestling tights. Shoes used military footwear.

Formation of sports single combat

The second creator of sambo is VShchepkov. In 1911 he was trained in judo, after which he received the 2nd dan. In the period from 1922 to 1925, Oschepkov collaborated with military intelligence and was on the territory of China. There he became acquainted with the styles of Wushu. Between 1929 and 1939 he lived in Moscow, often went to Leningrad. Everywhere he advocated judo. And he did this not only among the command staff of the army, but also among students. In comparison with Spiridonov, who did not allow the training of a system of people who were not on duty, Oschepkov strove for opposite purposes. He wanted judo to be familiar to everyone.

They held seminars on sambo. This happened in different cities. The program of similar seminars was divided into several sections. The first implied demonstration of throws, levers, strangulation and strikes (basic technique). The second section was aimed at demonstrating defense against an attack by an enemy who was armed with a knife, stick or revolver. At the third stage of the seminar, techniques of hand-to-hand fighting between two unarmed opponents were demonstrated. Oschepkov tried to teach free style wrestling. This is how he called this combat.

Did not miss the demonstration performances of Oschepkov in sambo. It always produced a big furore among people. As a result, the fight was included in the training program for students of sports educational institutions. Separate techniques were included in the TRP complex. In 1932 a collection was published. It outlined the principles of the system of free-style wrestling, which was based on the single combat of judo. The book dealt with preparatory exercises, insurance, competition rules, and so on.

Differences from judo

If we compare the struggle with classical judo, then it had some differences. Oschepkovym changed kimono for sambo. In addition, he eliminated rituals. The rigid tatami was replaced by a thick soft carpet. In addition, the technique was supplemented by some techniques that are characteristic of other martial arts. The struggle, which was taught to his students by sambo coach Oschepkov, was more athletic and accessible for mass distribution in comparison with the martial art developed by Spiridonov.

The combination of two martial arts into one

In the late 30-ies receptions of martial arts of Spiridonov and Oschepkov were combined. This made Volkov VP, who studied with both coaches. His attempt, he described in the manual for schools of the NKVD. His work was continued by Kharlampiev. He also published a book called "Fighting Sambo". This manual was published in 1949. However, they were excluded from strikes, strangulation, dangerous types of shots and defensive techniques from armed opponents. Thus, it was he who divided the struggle into sports and combat. Both varieties have been described in the books.

Sports Wrestling

So, sambo is a sporting kind of single combat. Martial art is very popular in many countries around the world. At the present stage, it includes several thousand different methods. And they do not use them for attack. Russian athletes were able to win many tournaments in the history of the struggle. The sporting version of single combat is divided into weight categories. For the performance of techniques of varying complexity points are awarded. An athlete can win ahead of schedule. He will need to perform a painful reception, put the opponent on his back, while remaining in the rack, or get 12 points more.

Combat Variety of Art

Combat Sambo classes involve teaching how to strike both hands and feet. It is also possible to carry out throws, pain techniques, deductions, etc. Many people consider that such combat violates the philosophy of wrestling, since attention is focused more on the attack. However, leading experts disagree with this view, believing that the struggle is used for self-defense. Russia's combat sambo began to develop in the 30's Spiridonov. But this has already been described in more detail above. The fight involves a huge number of strikes, tricks. It is for this reason that it is similar to many oriental martial arts. But there is one big difference. This is our national martial art.

Important elements of martial art

There is one condition that is taken into account, regardless of what kind of sambo section was chosen: classes are held on wrestling carpet. It is collected from tightly folded mats. They can have a canvas, flannel or other kind of cover. The carpet for the fight includes a working space, a security zone that is made of overlaid mats. The whole system should be attached to the floor with the help of racks inserted under the mats located at the edges.

If there are no mats, then you can use the chips and sawdust. The first layer should be at least 20 cm in thickness. For its creation, it is worth using chips. The thickness of the second layer should not be less than 15 cm. To create it, use sawdust. Both layers must be carefully compacted and leveled. It is necessary to prepare a working surface. To do this, the resulting structure will need to pull the tarpaulin. It will be necessary to fix it all along the perimeter with the help of rails. They should be carefully adjusted to each other. This will help prevent the contents from rushing out after the strokes.

If you decide to tackle wrestling, then it should be understood that each section of Sambo implies the athlete has special clothes. This is a fighting jacket without a gate, a cloth belt, sports pants and special footwear - wrestlers.

Also in the fight sports equipment is actively used. It's about dumbbells, dumbbells, barbells and other items, due to which you can develop strength. In the training system, both the weight of the athlete and the weight of his opponent are used.

Martial Arts Philosophy

Sambo of Russia is not only a kind of sport single combat. The struggle implies a whole system through which it is possible to nurture and develop moral-willed qualities, patriotism and civic-mindedness. Sambo is a defense science, but not an attack. Single combat not only teaches self-defense. It will also provide a rich life experience, contribute to the formation of a solid character, endurance and endurance. It is these qualities that will be required not only in work, but also in social activities.

Sambo for adults and children is an activity that helps to develop self-discipline. With the help of single combat an inner moral support is formed, a strong personal position that affects the achievement of the goals set for themselves. With the help of the struggle, a social support of society will be formed: people who can stand up for themselves and for their families.

Martial Arts

The traditions of martial art originate from the culture of the nationalities of Russia, from the types of struggle. This combat system includes the best techniques from national martial arts. At the time of its formation, fist fights, wrestling (Russian, Georgian, Tatar, Armenian, Kazakh, Uzbek) were taken as the basis. Also taken into account receptions, characteristic for boxing (French and English). The free-American, English wrestling, judo, sumo and other types of single combats did not go unheeded .

Sambo competitions are based on the search for all advanced and expedient, on constant improvement, updating. The combat system is open to all the best. Together with numerous methods of struggle, national martial arts imbibed the moral principles characteristic of different peoples. In Sambo, a part of the cultures inherent in different countries was embodied. And at the present stage, people who engage in Sambo are not only trained in self-defense techniques. They get a great experience, helping them to form worthy behavior based on the values of patriotism and citizenship.

What you can not do

The history of Sambo is connected with the history of Russia, with victories. Struggle is a living symbol of the continuity of different generations.

Sambo, as well as for other types of competitions, is characterized by the presence of prohibited activities. Judges are punished severely for them. Forbidden:

1. To throw vis-a-vis on the head or with a grip on the painful reception. It is forbidden to fall on the opponent with the whole body during the throw.
2. Perform strangulation, clench your mouth or nose.
3. Perform strokes, biting or scratching.
4. Do painful techniques on the spine, perform twisting of the neck, tightening the head with hands and feet.
5. Press your head against the carpet and cross your legs on the vis-a-vis body.
6. To rest with the hands, feet and head in the face.
7. Press elbows or knees from above.
8. Grab fingers or toes.
9. Bend your hands behind your back, perform painful tricks on your wrists.
10. To twist legs behind a heel, to execute "knots" on stops.
11. Perform painful jerks or jerks in standing

These are the main prohibitions that coaches instill in conducting sambo lessons.

Conclusion

In this review, we considered martial arts such as Sambo. It arose relatively recently. But for all of its existence it has managed to attract attention from many countries around the world. And probably, soon the fight will be included in the program of the Olympics. We sincerely wish this national martial art of Russia!