Renal failure: symptoms in men. Causes, treatment, diet with renal failure

Renal failure is a dangerous disease, the consequence of which is a metabolic disorder. According to medical statistics, about 3% of the population currently suffer from pathology. Annually, these figures increase in geometric progression. The disease is equally affected by both women and the stronger sex. The illness does not bypass even the smallest children. In this article, let's try to figure out what symptoms are accompanied by kidney failure in men, what kind of illness, how to treat it.

general information

Kidneys in the human body perform an important function. They continuously produce urine, subsequently with which harmful substances are released. Such a filtering structure ensures that two balances are kept in equilibrium: water-salt and acid-base. Renal failure is a dangerous pathological condition characterized by massive death of nephron cells. In the future, the body loses the ability to form and release urine. The disease is a consequence of acute damage to the tissues of the organ, so it develops suddenly. The volume of produced urine sharply decreases, sometimes it is completely absent. It is very important to recognize the symptoms of kidney failure in men in a timely manner in order to avoid complications. The earlier a doctor prescribes treatment, the higher the chances of recovery.

The main causes of the disease

Renal failure has two forms of development: acute and chronic. Proceeding from this, physicians identify the factors predisposing to the development of the disease. Among the reasons for the acute variant of the disease, the most common are the following:

• Intoxication of the body with food and alcohol, medicines.
• Disorder of the kidney circulation.
• Diseases of infectious nature.
• Damage or removal of a single kidney.
• Obstruction of the urinary tract.

Chronic renal failure in men, the causes of which differ from the acute form of the disease, develops gradually. It is usually preceded by serious pathologies of internal organs. It can be diabetes, hypertension, congenital nephropathy, pyelonephritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. Any of these diagnoses requires constant monitoring by a doctor. Implementation of its recommendations and prescriptions can prevent the occurrence of renal failure.

How does the disease manifest itself?

The development of the pathological process and its causes affect the symptoms of renal failure in men. Initially, the patient draws attention to the fact that fluid from the body is output irregularly. Micturition can be accompanied by painful discomfort. The man begins to lose weight inexplicably, the skin becomes yellow. Appetite disappears, nausea and vomiting occur after eating. Anemia can be clearly seen in the blood test. A similar clinical picture is characteristic of a disease such as kidney failure. Symptoms in men can vary depending on the form of the disease - acute or chronic. Next, consider each case in more detail.

Acute current

The disease in this case is manifested by a sharp decrease in the amount of urine or complete cessation of its excretion from the body. Gradually, signs of intoxication increase: a decrease in appetite, indigestion, under the influence of toxins, the liver increases. Renal dysfunction is accompanied by the appearance of specific edema under the eyes.

The clinical picture of the acute form of the disease develops in this sequence:

• The first stage. The appearance of signs of the disease is due to its original cause. As a rule, symptoms of general intoxication manifest themselves: the skin is pale, the patient constantly vomits. The duration of this stage can vary. In some patients, the ailment begins to manifest itself in a few hours after the death of nephrons, in others - 2-3 days later.
• The second stage. At this stage, the volume of urine release sharply decreases, so the probability of a lethal outcome is high. Urea and other products of protein metabolism gradually accumulate in the blood. The result of such a violation is a strong puffiness. The body begins to poison itself. What are the second stages of kidney failure symptoms? In men, there is a retardation, drowsiness, possibly a disorder of the stool. The leading sign of the disease is the increase in nitrogen in the blood.
• The third stage. At this stage diuresis gradually normalizes, but the symptomatology is still preserved. The ability of the organism to concentrate urine and to excrete the products of metabolic processes is restored. The work of the lungs, cardiac system and gastrointestinal tract also comes back to normal. Leaves puffiness, pastose feet. The duration of this stage is approximately 14 days.
• The fourth stage. Gradually, renal failure recedes. Symptoms in men do not disappear immediately, final recovery takes from one to three months.

When there are signs that indicate acute renal failure, a health team should be called immediately. All subsequent therapeutic measures are carried out in a hospital.

Chronic process

The chronic form of the disease is characterized by a hidden current. Initially, the patient notices the deterioration of well-being. He quickly tires, the appetite disappears, there are headaches. The skin becomes dry, and the muscles lose their tone. The patient is constantly sick, disturbed by frequent seizures. Hands, feet and face swell strongly. Symptoms of chronic kidney failure in men are increasing gradually. Skin covers turn yellow, and in the mouth appear sores. The patient may suffer from diarrhea and severe flatulence. The smell of urine begins to be felt by the surrounding people. In parallel, the work of the cardiac and respiratory systems is disrupted. From the pathological process, immunity suffers.

Conservative treatment allows to maintain the full functioning of the organs of excretion. However, an increase in psycho-emotional / physical activity, neglect of prescribed diet, improper drinking regimen - all these factors can cause deterioration of the patient's condition.

Methods of diagnosis

In order to avoid complications of the disease, it is necessary to diagnose it in time, to determine the reasons. The medical examination of the patient begins with the collection of a clinical anamnesis. The doctor should know how long the signs of kidney failure have appeared. In men with a single kidney, the clinical picture is practically the same as that of patients with a full body (both kidneys). It is mandatory to study the state of the urinary system. Complex diagnostics includes ultrasound, biochemistry of blood and urine, radiography, CT. Early comprehensive examination of the body allows the timely start of treatment and prevent the transition of the disease into a chronic form.

What is dangerous pathology?

Renal failure in men, the treatment and diagnosis of which was not carried out in a timely manner, may be accompanied by complications. The body gradually stops working, which is fraught with intoxication of the body with metabolic products. An extremely unpleasant complication is the narrowing of the vessels of the kidneys. This pathology is considered as the last degree of the development of the disease, as a result of which there is accumulation of sodium in the body.

Therapy of acute form of the disease

Renal failure is a dangerous disease that requires treatment in a hospital. At the initial stages, therapy is reduced to eliminating the causes of the disease, restoring the homeostasis and the disturbed functions of the system. Depending on the patient's condition, you may need:

• Antibacterial drugs;
• Detoxication therapy (hemodialysis, infusions of saline solutions);
• Replenishment of the liquid (transfusion of blood and its substitutes);
• Hormonal means.

With the diagnosis of "renal failure" in men, the treatment and dosage of drugs are selected by a specialist. To remove nitrogenous slags and detoxify the body resort to hemosorption, plasmapheresis, hemodialysis. To normalize diuresis, use diuretic medications ("Furosemide"). Depending on the type of disturbance of the water-electrolyte balance, solutions of calcium, sodium and potassium salts are introduced.

Treatment of chronic process

Therapy of a chronic variant of renal failure suggests an effect on the underlying cause of the disease, the maintenance of organ functions and detoxification procedures. At the initial stages, the main goal of treatment is to slow the progression of the pathological process. With hypertension, hypotensive drugs are used. If the main cause of kidney failure is concealed in an autoimmune disease, glucocorticoid hormones and cytostatics are prescribed. With anatomical changes in the excretory system, an operation is performed to improve the patency of the urinary tract or remove the calculus.

Against the background of constant therapy an additional is prescribed to reduce the symptoms of renal failure in men. How to treat the disease, the doctor determines. For example, diuretics are used to reduce puffiness. With severe anemia, vitamin complexes and iron preparations are prescribed.

At the last stages the patient is transferred to permanent hemodialysis. The procedures are repeated every 14 days. An alternative to hemodialysis is kidney transplantation. With good compatibility and successful operation, the patient has a chance to recover and return to normal life.

Principles of dietotherapy

We have already told what kind of kidney failure symptoms are in men. Diet with this disease is an important component of treatment. Patients are advised to adhere to nutrition with a low protein content. Changing the usual diet allows you to slow the development of the pathological process and reduce the burden on the kidneys. Diet therapy includes several principles:

1. Limitation of protein intake to 65 g per day.
2. Increase the energy value of nutrition by increasing the diet of carbohydrate food.
3. The main emphasis should be on fruits and vegetables. It is important to consider the content of vitamins, salts and protein component in them.

It is necessary to constantly monitor the amount of liquid consumed and withdrawn. This parameter can be calculated by the formula: the amount of urine isolated per day + 800 ml. Thus it is necessary to consider all liquid (soups, porridges, drink, fruit, vegetables). Absence of pronounced edemas and preserved water balance allow to receive 6 g of salt a day.

Preventive actions

How to prevent kidney failure? First of all, it is necessary to follow the indications and the scheme of application of medicines. It should be abandoned nephrotoxic products, which include surrogate alcohol and narcotic substances. It is important to timely treat infectious and inflammatory pathologies of the urinary system.

To prevent the transition of the disease into a chronic form, you should know which kidney symptoms have symptoms. In men, the disease manifests itself with problems with urination and deterioration of well-being. When these disorders occur, you should seek help from a specialist.

Conclusion

Timely detection of the causes of renal failure, competent diagnosis and appropriate treatment can preserve the patient's health. The acute form of the disease has a favorable prognosis if the patient follows all the prescriptions of the doctor and follows a diet. In chronic course, the chances of recovery depend on the stage of the pathological process. In the case of a full compensation of the kidneys, the prognosis for life is favorable. At the terminal stage, the only option to maintain health is constant hemodialysis or organ transplantation.