Population of Novy Urengoy: description, composition, employment and strength

One of the young cities of Russia - Novy Urengoy - today shows stable growth and economic prosperity. The country's gas capital is characterized by specific characteristics of its population, this is due to the history, climate and features of activities in the region.

Geography and climate

Novy Urengoy is located in the Yamal-Nenets District of the Tyumen Region. The area of the city is 221 square meters. Km. The gas capital is located 2350 km from Moscow and 450 km from Salekhard. The city is located only 60 km from the Arctic Circle and lies on the left bank of the river Pur, in the place of its confluence in the river Evo-Yakhu. The settlement is spread on a flat beach. On its territory there are the rivers Tamchara-Yakha and Sede-Yakha, which divide the city into the northern and southern parts. The lands around Urengoy are heavily waterlogged, and the expansion of the city's borders is difficult, but it nevertheless continues to gradually take pieces of land from nature.

The population of Novy Urengoy lives in places with a harsh climate. Two climatic zones converge here: moderate and subarctic. The average annual temperature in the city is minus 4.7 degrees. Long, 9-month, winter is very severe. The temperature can drop to minus 45. In winter, storms and snowstorms often occur. The average temperature in winter is about minus 20 degrees. Summer lasts only 35 days, while the air warms to an average of +15 degrees. The city is in the permafrost zone, in summer the soil thaws only to a depth of 1.5-2 meters. The shortest light day in Novy Urengoy lasts just over an hour.

History

Novy Urengoy, whose population lives in such difficult climatic conditions, appeared on the map in 1973. But before that there was a settlement of Urengoy, near which in 1966 a gas field was discovered. The settlement existed since 1949, in it lived the builders of the railway from Salekhard to Igarka. However, with the death of Stalin, this project died out, and for a while the houses stood uninhabited. Then in dilapidated barracks settled geologists. And only with the beginning of the development of the deposit the population begins to increase.

The first inhabitants of the new city were its builders, who set up a camp at 100 km from the village of Urengoy and named it "Novy Urengoy". The first thing the workers did was gas heating, and then they began to erect the first multi-storey houses. Then there was a power station, a bakery, an airport was built in a year, two years later a railway branch was pulled from Surgut. In 1978, industrial gas production began. The large volumes of extraction of "blue fuel" ensured the rapid development of Novy Urengoy.

Already in 1980 the settlement receives the official status of the city. In 1981, the city was awarded the title of the All-Union Komsomol construction, many young people from all over the country went there. In 1983, the Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod gas pipeline was launched, which opened the way for Russian gas to Western Europe. In the 1990s, private capital began to be invested in the region, and this positively affected the development of the city. In 2004, the city "swallowed up" the villages of Korotchaevo and Limbyakha. Since that time, Novy Urengoy has become the longest city in the world - its length was more than 80 km.

Administrative-territorial division

The official division of the city was carried out on a simple geographical basis, the city includes such areas as the Northern residential area, the Northern industrial zone, the Southern residential area, the Western industrial zone and the Eastern industrial zone. The population of Novy Urengoy conditionally divides the city into two parts: "south" and "north". In the districts there are such components as Student, Optimists, Creators, Star, Olympic, Rainbow, Hope, Friendship, Jagelnyi microdistricts. In total there are 32 microdistricts in the city, as well as 5 settlements.

Urban Infrastructure

The city of Novy Urengoy was built according to modern standards, there are wide avenues, good roads. The population of Novy Urengoy is fully provided with necessary for life service enterprises and cultural institutions. Here there are 7 branches of higher educational institutions, 23 secondary educational institutions. The cultural needs of the population are satisfied by the art museum, several cinemas. There is a well-developed transport connection here, this is a city in which there are almost no traffic jams. The airport, the railway and river transport provide good communication of the region with other parts of the country. The population of Novy Urengoy is fully provided with medical services, 11 medical institutions with a good qualification of doctors work in the city. At a premium among city residents, sports and physical education, 17 sports facilities allow 25 thousand people to regularly engage in various types of physical activity.

Population dynamics

Systematic observations of the number of residents in the city have been conducted since 1979. In general, Novy Urengoy, whose population almost always grows, shows good development. For the entire period of observations, there were three points of decline in numbers. This time from 1996 to 2000, when the entire country recorded a negative dynamics of the population. The second noticeable decline occurred in 2010, when the number of residents of the city decreased by 14 thousand people. The third period with negative dynamics is observed today, it began in 2014, and so far the authorities have not been able to change the situation. As of the beginning of 2016, the number of residents of Novy Urengoy was 111,163. Due to the large length of the city's territory, the population density indicator is rather low - 470 people per 1 sq. Km. Km.

Ethnic composition and language

Novy Urengoy is a multinational city. Due to the fact that the settlement was formed at the expense of visitors from different parts of the country, there was a slightly different ethnic situation here than in many regions of Russia. Thus, the population of Novy Urengoy, who considers himself Russian, is 64%. Ukrainians themselves were named during the census by almost 11%. 5% of the total number of inhabitants are Tatars, 2.6% - Nogais, 2% - Kumyks and Azerbaijanis, 1.7% - Bashkirs. The remaining ethnic groups account for less than 1% each. Despite such ethnic diversity, the main, if not the only, language of communication in the region is Russian.

Sex and age characteristics of the population

In Russia, on average, the number of men is inferior to the number of women. The new Urengoy, whose population has specific characteristics, fits this trend, but the average overweight is about 1.02 (49.3% of men and 50.7% of women), while in the country the proportion of women and men is 1.2 -1.4.

By age characteristics, the region is also different from the all-Russian situation. This is a city with a large number of minors, 23% of the population are children under 15 years old. 19% of the population are residents over working age. Thus, the coefficient of demographic burden for each able-bodied resident of the city is 1.4, this is lower than in many regions of the country.

Demographics of Novy Urengoy

Fertility and mortality are the most important demographic indicators of the socio-economic development of the region. In Novy Urengoy, the birth rate is 15.4 per thousand people. And mortality now stands at 3.8 per thousand people. The average age of a resident of the city is 36 years. Thus, the population of the city of Novy Urengoy demonstrates a natural increase, and this allows it to be attributed to a growing, rejuvenating type of settlements, while in the country for the most part the mortality rate is ahead of the birth rate. However, in terms of life expectancy the region is not prosperous, on average Novy Urengoy's residents live less than the rest of the Russians for 2-3 years.

Socio-economic development of Novy Urengoy

The region is characterized by a high level of development, which is facilitated by stable work to extract gas from the Earth's interior. The main occupations of the population of Novy Urengoy are work in the gas production and gas transportation sectors. The region accounts for about 75% of all gas produced in the country. In the fuel and energy industry of Novy Urengoy there are about a thousand different enterprises.

Also, the city's economy is developing steadily at the expense of the services sector. In Novy Urengoy there are own enterprises for the production of dairy, confectionery and meat products. Service companies also make up a well-growing segment of the local market. The greatest profit and high employment of the population is provided by retail trade. Novy Urengoy is well provided with socially significant enterprises and has fairly high rates for average wages. All this makes the city an attractive place for the life and birth of children.

Employment

The situation with unemployment is observed by the Employment Center of the population of Novy Urengoy. For many years the organization has registered an extremely low unemployment rate, it is 0.5-0.6% with an average nationally 4.5%. The employment center of the population (Novy Urengoy) notes that the need for workers in the city is never completely satisfied, there are always at least 15,000 vacancies. It is difficult to find a job for people with rare specialties, for example winemakers, as well as some difficulty in finding a job in the profession experienced by women over 35 with one or two higher educations.