Plants of mixed forests: features. Plants of mixed forests in Russia and animals

The zone of mixed forests of Russia extends in the form of a triangle. Its base lies near the western borders of Russia, and the summit rests on the Ural Mountains. In this zone of the country there are good conditions for plants and animals. Mid-January temperatures of these places range from -14 to -6 ° C, and average July temperatures range from +16 to +21 ° C. Moisture is enough. Therefore, for plants there are excellent conditions for growth.

Trees of mixed forests

The main tree species that form such forests are birch, spruce, common pine, linden, elm, hornbeam, ash, aspen, elm.

Oaks in mixed forests, in general, grow apart. It is difficult for other trees to withstand such competition. After all, this hero has a powerful trunk, and he spends his branches a few meters around. Under the shade of the oak and shrubs feel uncomfortable, so usually these trees grow in the forest as if on separate islands. Only shade-tolerant representatives of the flora and mushrooms can find shelter under the mighty handsome man.

Plants mixed forests in Russia - is not only spreading oak, but also slender birches. They are more compact, so near them can grow and shrubs, such as spindle grass, elder, buckthorn, hazel, raspberry. Kalina loves moisture, so it feels great in the lowlands. Birches can also grow in such conditions. In this case, sphagnum moss is found around them . And on it you can often see mushrooms in the summer. About them will be told a little later, but for now it is a question of mixed forest plants.

Assistants and enemies of trees

Birches grow in groups, creating groves. Often near them find themselves a haven of aspen. They also do not take up much space, so these two types of flora perfectly coexist side by side. Pines, spruce, like oaks, form a rather dense shadow. Therefore, under these trees, it is difficult to develop plants normally. But the needles, falling to the ground, are eventually processed by microorganisms living in the ground - and fertile soil is formed. Trees thus feed themselves. The same applies to the leaves, which eventually form a layer of humus. It feeds on trees, attracts earthworms, which recycle plant remains and make the soil more friable. In addition to assistants, they also have pests. So, beetles bark beetles in summer alone can kill hundreds of trees. But intelligent nature has created woodpeckers, which extract pests from the deepest layers of the cortex and dexterously cope with them.

Birds of mixed forests

In addition to the black woodpecker, the trees have many other assistants. For example, a large tit. It destroys many forest pests. Thanks to it, woody plants of mixed forests get rid of weevils, two-winged aphids, aphids, etc. It destroys pests that are mostly found in the lower part of the tree.

A little blue tit called Moscow has a weight of only 9 grams. But she also cleverly deals with harmful insects. Nuthatch is another bird that inhabits these places. She often wanders from place to place, incidentally heals trees in mixed forests. The woodpecker also took a place here. Plants of mixed forests for him are a native home. As for black grouse, yellow-headed king, owl, finch, forest sandpiper.

When birds sing songs, they fill the forest with charming sounds. It is impossible not to be listened to by the song of the nightingale, who also lives in these places. In May-June you can hear the voices of cuckoos. Eagle-Golden Eagle is one of the largest predatory birds of mixed forests. The mass of his body can reach 4 kilograms. The Peregrine Falcon is also a bird of prey that occurs in mixed forests. This rare species of birds is protected by the state.

Mixed forest: plants and animals

In addition to many birds, forests provide shelter and various kinds of animals. Here live hedgehogs, European ferrets.

In marshy places, on lakes and in ponds, there are beavers, muskrats. They feed on fish and water plants, which grow in the reservoirs of mixed forests. The beaver is pleased to eat and wood. Ondat builds tunnel holes under the ground or, like beavers, huts. The female of the muskrat gives birth to 1-3 cubs, and the beaver - 3-4 kids.

Dangerous forest animals

In these places, predators, such as lynx, inhabit. This mammal belongs to the cat family. Basically, she hunts for a hare, but can attack a deer, catch for the livelihood of birds and rodents.

Predators threaten the poor hare from all sides. The red fox also likes to attack the caged animal. Foxes live between rocks or in burrows. Part of their menu is made up of frogs and eggs of birds. At one time a female can produce up to 12 cubs.

There are even snakes in mixed forests. In addition to harmless snakes, there is also a poisonous viper. What plants do she prefer for her shelter in mixed forests? Basically it is a tall grass, and near the swampy sedges. Therefore, a man in the forest where vipers are found, you need to walk in high boots and it is better to roam along beaten paths, and not in tall grass. Viper likes to bask in the sun in open territories, but to hide in the roots of trees. So near such places you need to be careful.

Meeting with wild boars is also extremely undesirable. Even if in the forest you met a little piglet, go away from him, because somewhere near his terrible parents are. The story of the forest animals can be ended by mentioning the moose, bear, wolf, who also live here.

Mixed and deciduous forests

Plants of these places, like animals, are also very diverse. In addition to large trees and shrubs, there are also all kinds of flowers, herbs, mosses. Mushrooms can also be attributed to plant flora. It's nice to wander through the forest in the middle of summer or early autumn and bring home strong boletus, red-headed boletus, slender podberyozoviki. Pleasing with their colorful beauty are chanterelles, red-haired. These fungi grow in the soil, but honey mushrooms choose old or dead trees for themselves. Basically - birches.

The herbaceous cover of this zone is mostly composed of oakgrass plants: zelenochuk, sedge hairy, hoof. Occurs in the transition zones and some taiga: sourdough, gray beetle, wintergreen, maynik and others.

Berry plants in this natural oasis are also many. Here you can collect a lot of strawberries, bones, blueberries, cranberries. Flowers - chamomile, buttercups, lilies of the valley and others - pleases the eyes.

Such are the animals and plants of mixed forests in Russia. It is important not to forget to treat nature very carefully and protect it from unkind people and fires.