Global problems: the demographic problem. Ways to solve the demographic problem

In the relatively recent past, even before the era of antibiotics and with the widespread spread of hunger, mankind did not particularly think about its size. And it was why, because constant wars and mass famines carried away millions of lives.

Particularly indicative in this regard were two World Wars, when the losses of all the warring parties exceeded 70-80 million people. Historians believe that more than 100 million people died, as the actions of the Japanese militarists in China have not been studied to this day to the right degree, although they killed a large number of civilians.

Today, other global problems. The demographic problem is one of the most serious and important among them. However, we should not assume that a sharp increase in the number of mankind began exclusively in our days. In the distant past, there have also been sharp increases in the population of individual countries, all of which often have very serious consequences in the global context.

What does the demographic explosion lead to?

It is believed that the sharp outbursts of the population still have a positive trait. The fact is that in this case whole countries "get younger", the costs for medicine are lower. But on this all good ends.

The number of beggars sharply increases, the expenses for education multiply, the number of specialists graduated from educational institutions increases so much that the country simply can not ensure their employment. In the labor market there is a huge number of young and healthy people who are ready to perform work for a very modest reward. As a result, the cost of their labor (and without that penny) falls to a minimum. The rise in crime, robbery and murder are quickly becoming the "calling card" of the state.

Integrated vision of the problem

Many of today's global problems follow from this . The demographic problem is often only a reflection of the negative processes taking place in the state. The inability of society to occupy new citizens with useful labor, the unwillingness to guarantee them housing, food and education speaks of the weakness of domestic policy.

However, not everything is so terrible. If a country has close ties with international partners and prepares high-quality specialists, then a part of the younger generation may well find itself in the labor markets of other states. In addition, of great importance are seasonal jobs, which allow to unload the domestic labor market and somewhat correct the demographic problems of society.

Differences in living standards

Alas, in this case the most important role is played by the level of development of the state itself. If in Europe the rapid growth of the white population is simply impossible because of the high prices for good housing and education for children, then for the wave of migrants from Africa and other countries of the "Third World" such small things do not matter.

Satisfied with state benefits, they can easily huddle in small rented apartments, regularly producing new children. As a result, the number of parasites sitting on the neck of taxpayers sharply increases. Social tension is rising, wage levels are falling, unemployment is massively appearing, since all "grassroots" posts are massively organized by migrants who agree to work for less.

Here are the reasons for the demographic problem. "The first violin" must necessarily play the state. If it avoids the solution of the problem, then nothing good comes out.

Once again about social policy

If we consider all global problems in a complex, the demographic problem is often a predisposing factor, but by no means a cause that leads to all the above-mentioned consequences.

The main source of all ills is always the bad social policy of the state or the complete absence of such. Take the same Africa. The world community allocates huge funds for the acquisition of contraceptives, but their advertising is practically none, which generates the demographic problems of modern society.

In addition, in many regions of Central Africa, the population has already been brought to such a beggarly state that a large number of children who will work on the field or beg, is the only means of survival for the family. Growing up, they join the ranks of countless armed formations, which continue to drive the whole region into even greater chaos. The reason is the absence of even elementary state support for social development, the absence of any sources of official income.

Other dangers of overpopulation

It is known that the level of consumption of modern civilization is many thousands times higher than the level of normal human biological needs. Even the poorest countries consume more than they did a couple of hundred years ago.

Of course, with a sharp increase in the number of people, a general impoverishment of the greater part of it, and the total inability of state structures to establish over any of this at least some semblance of control, an irrational consumption of resources increases. As a result of this, plums of toxic waste of handicraft enterprises, mountains of garbage and complete disregard for some nature conservation measures are multiplying.

What all this leads to?

As a result, the country is on the verge of an ecological catastrophe, and the population is on the threshold of starvation. Do you think modern demographic problems began only in recent years? In the same Africa, since the mid-1960s, in entire provinces, people began to suffer from a shortage of food. Western medicines allowed to increase life expectancy, but its general way of life remained the same.

Many children were born, more land was needed for their food. And agriculture there and to this day is conducted slash-and-fire method. As a result, hectares of fertile soil turned into deserts, subject to wind erosion and washout.

These are all global problems. The demographic problem (as you can see) is characteristic of transitional cultures, which received a sharp access to the benefits of modern civilization. They are not able to rebuild or do not want, as a result of which there are tough social and cultural contradictions that can lead even to war.

A Reverse Example

However, in our world there are many countries in which the demographic problem is represented from the very opposite perspective. We are talking about developed countries, in which the problem is precisely the fact that people of reproductive age do not want to create families and do not give birth to children.

As a result, migrants come to take the place of indigenous peoples, which often contribute to the complete destruction of the entire socio-cultural component of the ethnos that previously lived in this territory. Of course, this is not a very life-affirming finale, but without active intervention and participation of the state, such a problem will not be solved.

How can a demographic problem be solved?

So what are the ways of solving the demographic problem? The methods of solving logically follow from the causes of the phenomenon. First, it is absolutely necessary to raise the standard of living of the population and improve its medical services. It is known that in poor countries, mothers are often forced to give birth to many children, not only because of traditions, but also because of high infant mortality.

If every child survives, it will make less sense to give birth to a dozen children. Unfortunately, in the case of the same migrants in Europe, good medical care only led to the fact that they began to give birth even more. Approximately the same is observed in Haiti, where the overwhelming majority of the population lives well below the poverty line, but continues to give birth regularly. Various public organizations pay many benefits, which are quite enough for survival.

Medicine - above all!

Therefore, do not just focus on improving the quality of medical care. It is necessary to offer material encouragement to families with no more than two or three children, to impose lower taxes on them, to offer simplified schemes for admission to higher schools for children from such families. Simply put, socio-demographic problems should be addressed in a comprehensive manner.

In addition, effective social advertising is important about the benefits of contraception, supported by the low cost of such drugs. It is necessary to explain to people that overpopulation entails poor living conditions for their children who will not be able to live normally in the smog of large megacities devoid of greenery and clean air.

How to increase the birth rate?

And what are the ways of solving the demographic problem, if we are to fight not with overpopulation but with a shortage of this population itself? Strangely enough, they are practically the same. Consider them from the position of our state.

First, it is extremely important to improve the level of the people's well-being. Many young families do not start a child just because they are not sure of the future. We need preferential housing for young families, tax breaks, and much higher payments of material benefits to families with many children.

Among other things, mandatory provision should be made to obtain preferential medicines and nutrition for children. Since all this costs a lot, many young families are simply depleting their budgets, buying everything they need with their own money. In the same series, there is a reduction in the tax burden on young and large families.

Of course, we should not forget about the promotion of family values. In any case, the solution to the demographic problem must necessarily be comprehensive, with due consideration for all factors that lead to birth defects.