How many cells in the human body? Which of them are the most important?

What is known about the human body? How many cells are there in an adult's body? How do they grow and develop, for what purpose? Throughout the world, scientists are trying to solve these riddles.

What is a cell?

Scientists study the organisms of plants, animals, humans. A cell is the smallest part of any organism. In the human body there are a lot of them, more than 100 trillion. The exact number is unknown. How many cells in a person's body die daily? The quantity depends on the destination. For example, in the intestinal epithelium - 70 billion per day, blood - 2 billion, and cells of the nervous system do not recover after dying off.

The first time about the cells learned in 1665, Robert Hooke. He realized that the older the person, the more these structural elements in his body. , потому что они отмирают и рождаются ежеминутно. It is impossible to accurately calculate how many cells in the human body , because they die and are born every minute.

Structure and functions

It is impossible to say how many cells in the human body, but scientists know for sure that they have a complex structure. The majority consists of:

• Nucleus, it is called the heart of the cell;
• Cytoplasm;
• Nucleolus;
• Mitochondria;
• Shell of the kernel;
• Endoplasmic reticular formation;
• Ribosomes;
• Lysosomes;
• Pits and pores;
• Cell membrane, which provides integrity, regulates intracellular balance.

Functions are associated with the synthesis of substances. The glandular cells produce hormones or enzymes. The mammary glands produce milk, the pancreas produces insulin. Some do not synthesize anything, for example muscle cells.

Regardless of how many cells in the human body, without it, they will not survive. Cells, as elements of a mosaic, constitute a single organism.

Blood cells

What is the fluid that flows through the veins of people? It contains plasma and cellular elements:

• Red blood cells - erythrocytes;
• Thrombocytes;
• White blood cells - leukocytes.

The density and color of blood depends on their content. It carries out the transfer of chemicals through the body. кровяных клеток. In the body of an adult, about 50 billion blood cells. This is approximately 5.5 liters.

Pigment cells

Melanocytes in the human body are responsible for the color of the skin, hair, eyes and some internal organs. Such cells contain pigments in the cytoplasm that condition their action. Melanocytes also perform a protective function against ultraviolet rays, responsible for sunburn. The cells are tree-like.

Cells of the nervous system

This is one of those that do not recover after withering away. Their scientific name is neurons. Their task is to process and transmit information with the help of electrical impulses produced by them. Neurons are divided into several types:

• Sensory (responsible for responding to light, sound);
• Motor;
• Interneurons.

The structure includes the body of the cell, dendrite, axon. In their structure they are also divided into several groups. The human nervous system contains about 10 billion neurons. Annually about 10 thousand die and are not restored. The older the person, the less they remain.

Sex cells

How many cells in the human body are responsible for reproduction? Their two kinds, they are divided into male - sperm - and female - ovum. The male germ cell is much larger in size than the female, because it contains more cytoplasm. They were first discovered in 1677, and the terms themselves appeared at the beginning of the 19th century.

Despite the fact that it is impossible to say exactly how many cells in the human body, scientists have studied almost all of their types. Their participation is directly related to the existence of all living things on planet Earth. Scientists are trying to learn how to grow their own cells in the conditions of research laboratories. Perhaps they will succeed.