Education, Secondary education and schools
Why do ships swim? Explains the law of Archimedes
Finding and solving the problem
The task posed by Geron II seemed insoluble. Archimedes has spent a lot of time to measure the individual elements of the crown, but constantly lost count. Exhausted by the measurements and calculations, he went to the bath, and in those days in Siracusa built just the one in which there were baths to take water procedures. In one of these baths immersed his mortal body and Archimedes. He was surprised by the fact that during the dive a part of the water began to flow over the edges. He again poured water to the upper level and slowly, trying not to spill it, began a new immersion. The water took it, but the part was squeezed out and spilled beyond. With a loud cry: "Eureka!" - Archimedes jumped out. He ran along the street, forgetting to throw something on his clothes. The people were accustomed to the eccentricities of the great inventor, so everyone was embarrassed only by the cry, and not by the sight of Archimedes. Using the measuring capacitance, the researcher easily calculated the volume of the crown, and knowing the density of gold and weight, determined the amount of metal concealed by the jeweler. The early court decided the case in favor of Archimedes, the goldsmiths of the master were executed for the edification of the rest.
The discovery of the displaced volume has not yet led to the emergence of a theory of floating bodies. Archimedes' law was clearly formulated only after a series of experiments, as a result of which a rule was established for all objects immersed in water. For example, the stones did not rise to the surface, and the dry wood floated. Small models of vessels were built, which were placed in a bath. On the deck of the models we loaded different items. Observations were conducted constantly. As a result, it was found that when loading a small boat, you can make it stay afloat. Archimedes' law also explained the overload of the ship. It displaces more fluid, which holds it.
The Law of Archimedes. Experiments with real ships
An inquisitive inventor from models moved to real ships that were built at a small shipyard in Syracuse. In those days, small sailing ships already appeared , in which ballast was built to increase stability. Sometimes it was placed so much that the ship began to sink. Through trial and error , ship builders selected optimal parameters for each new vessel. Here the help of the talented inventor turned out to be quite urgent, the shipbuilders were told the law of Archimedes, the swimming of bodies has now turned from practice into science. There are reports that Archimedes proposed a number of interesting designs for warships to drown the enemy with frontal and side impacts. Particular attention was paid to merchant galleries. These vessels made long voyages along the Mediterranean. They had to transport large volumes of goods, so the correct placement of cargo contributed to better use of space. Here calculations and calculations of the inventor, in which Archimedes' law was used, helped. The hydraulics of the dynamic movement of a laden ship were now based on accurate calculations.
Other applications of the Archimedes Law
The aeronautics that arose at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries turns out to be subject to the inferences of a man who lived from 287 to 212 BC. E. The law of Archimedes for hot air balloons, balloons and balloons is the main, explaining the possibility of a person to climb into the air at the expense of knowledge. Counting the lift for aircraft, aeronauts (so called fans to fly on such devices) determine the volume of their aircraft. Currently, the festival of aeronautics is periodically held in different cities of Russia and beyond. The flight of the hot air balloons is admired by the spectators, the participants of the flight receive an even greater range of sensations.
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