Plants and animals of the Chelyabinsk region: photo and description. The Red Book of the Chelyabinsk Region

Chelyabinsk Region is located in the Southern Urals, on the border of two parts of the world - Asia and Europe, in the heart of the vast continent of Eurasia. Naturally, the climate here is continental, with a long cold winter (the average January temperature is 17-18 degrees) and a moderately warm summer (the average July temperature is 16-19 degrees). The climate is affected by the Ural Mountains, and the presence of a large number of lakes and rivers.

Three natural areas of the region

Plants and animals of the Chelyabinsk region, their number and varieties in the form in which they exist today, are due to the geographical location and size of the region.

The nature of the Chelyabinsk region is represented by three zones - mountain forest, forest-steppe and steppe. Fauna and flora are located in accordance with their natural zones. Taiga, broadleaf and mixed forests, as well as the corresponding fauna, are in the mountain forest zone, other species of animals are found in their natural habitat - in the steppes and valleys of the rivers of the Southern Urals. Forest fund occupies 2.5 million hectares, or more than 25% of the region. In the north of the region there are aspen-birch and pine forests, the central part is occupied by forest-steppe, and in the south there is a grass-grass steppe.

Caring for nature

Animals of the Chelyabinsk region are very numerous. So, in the region there are more than 60 species of mammals. In addition, there are 300 species of birds (80% of them are nesting) and 60 species of fish. Amphibians and reptiles in the region recorded more than 20 species. This entity is one of the most economically developed in the Russian Federation. Progress in this region adversely affects the flora and fauna, so many species of plants and animals are listed in the Red Book. But, maybe because one-tenth of the territory of the region is under protection, and in the area of 1000 hectares are located reserves and national parks, game reserves of hunting and botanical, the animal world of the Chelyabinsk region has not depleted. The oldest and most famous is the Ilmen State Reserve, founded in 1920. Its area is 30.3 thousand hectares.

Raptors and Artiodactyls

Animals of the Chelyabinsk region are represented by the following species. From the order of predators there are families of felines, cunts, bears and dogs. Especially a lot of representatives of the family of cunies - in the region there are badger, otter. There is an ermine and columns, wood marten and weasel, American, European and Siberian burrows, and also a steppe ferret. The rest of the predator families are represented by a trot, a brown bear, a wolf, a steppe fox and a raccoon dog. From the group of cloven-hoofed animals, Siberian roe deer, spotted deer, elk and wild boar are found here.

Representatives of the animal kingdom of the region

As already noted, the animals of the Chelyabinsk region are quite numerous. Thus, the bears in the region number 500-600 heads, and lynxes - 150-200, boars - 1500-2000 heads.

Among mammals, in addition to a large number of rodents, there are lagiformes, insectivores and bats. Especially widely represented are families of shrew (insectivorous) and hamster (rodents).

Disappearing view

Animals of the Chelyabinsk region (photo and description see below), such as the Russian muskrat, are threatened with complete extinction. It is interesting that in the XIX century the region was fully included in the range of the animal's habitat. Then the mention of the meetings with her disappeared altogether. In the fifties of the last century, work began on its re-acclimatization. Today the number in the region is unknown. This rare species of the family of worms, which is also called khokhly, was supplemented by the Red Book of the Chelyabinsk region. Animals, such as the Russian desman and the river otter, settle along the shores of small lakes, old people, rivulets with a weak current. The coast must be steep and overgrown with vegetation, as well as convenient for digging holes, the entrance to which is always under water. The depth of the pond must not exceed 3 meters. It feeds on leeches, mollusks, various insects. In the litter of the Russian muskrat from 1 to 5 cubs, but more often 2-3.

Poisonous plants of the Chelyabinsk region

In the region there are about 50 species of poisonous representatives of the flora. Their danger to humans and animals is due to the fact that they contain alkaloids and glycosides, as well as complex compounds in the form of milky juices and resins.

Belenas is black. It can grow in different places: in kitchen gardens, on vacant lots, along roads. Poisonous are seeds and leaves in which hyoscyamine and scopolamine are present in high concentrations. These alkaloids are detrimental to the nervous system.
Hemlock. It is unpretentious and grows everywhere. The whole plant is poisonous. From alkaloids, most of all contains coneya, causing severe poisoning, often ending lethal.

The milestone is poisonous. Occurs in wetlands. Poisonous properties are due to the content of cicutotoxin.

What is the Red Book and why is it needed ?

Why are representatives of the flora and fauna recorded in this book, because it is not a law on nature protection? Simply, it's its alarming color draws people's attention to the endangered species. The book, having a red cover, consists of multi-colored pages. Black pages include the names of species that have disappeared forever. Red pages contain the names of rare and endangered species (bison, red wolf, etc.). On the yellow pages you can find out about the species, the number of which is rapidly decreasing (polar bears, pink flamingos). Animals and plants of the Red Book of the Chelyabinsk region, like other regions, placed on white pages, refer to those species, which in nature has always been not very much. Little-known representatives of flora and fauna, located in inaccessible places are placed on gray pages. There are also green pages in the book. They contain lists of animals that a person managed to save from extinction, for example, an elk and a river beaver.

All the time a changing book

On the verge of extinction are several species of bats, and not only. The Red Book of the Chelyabinsk Region is very extensive. Animals caught in it, refer to mammals and birds, reptiles and amphibians, fish, insects and mollusks. There are also plants and mushrooms in it.

Los and the river beaver are typical animals of the Chelyabinsk region. But they periodically fall into the Red Book. Data in it all the time change, firstly, because science does not stand still, and new unknown information appears earlier, and the names of some representatives of the flora and fauna pass from the page of one color to the page of the other, for example, in the case of a sharp decrease Population, or vice versa.

As noted above, there are three natural zones on the territory of the region. It is difficult to imagine how many representatives of the flora are on the slopes of the Southern Urals, if only 377 species of plants are included in the Red Book of the Chelyabinsk Region, and in the new edition, published in December 2015, their number is increased.

Unique plants

In the north of the river Ui pine, aspen and birch grow. The grass-feather grass steppes stretch below this river. There grow such species in need of protection, like lily-locust and Siberian phlox. Very beautiful names from such rare species as the European bathing suit and the Altai windmill. It is possible to note also such endangered species as a two-leafed lobe, an acicular needle, a Venus shoe, and hundreds more.

A necessary aid for cattle breeders

The most popular site with free ads is Avito. Animals (Chelyabinsk region) are represented in huge quantities. Mostly it is proposed to sell dogs, cats, rabbits, birds and goods for them. With the help of the site everyone can choose a pet.

The choice is huge - to familiarize with it, it is necessary to spend certain time. On the site you can agree on the purchase of not only domestic, but also farm animals.