Order Rosaceae: flower, formula

The most developed in the evolutionary plan, occupying a huge niche among the kingdom of plants - the order Rosaceae (Rosáles). It consists of nine families (rosaceous, elm, mulberry, hemp, lochovye, nettle, etc.). These include: apple, bird cherry, mountain ash, hawthorn, cotoneaster, cherry, strawberry, quince, apricot and many others. Pollinated with the help of insects.

All rosaceous plants are characterized by the presence of such an organ as a flower. The formula of a flower of an inflorescence of rosaceous, its structure are obligatory for studying in a school course of biology.

What is a flower?

Due to the presence of this organ, flowering plants are the most stable in the world. For example, the Suez Canal: unbearable heat, and the trees grow, but not gymnosperms or ferns, but flowering ones.

A flower is a reproductive organ, a shortened shoot, and pistils, stamens, and petals are mutated leaves.

Spread

Order Rosaceae - northern. Its representatives make their way even beyond the polar circle of our planet. All our favorite rosaceous plants: apples, pears, plums, apricots - were born in the northern hemisphere. Strange as it may seem, there are very few of them in the southern hemisphere. Only South America and tropical Africa (Australia also has units) can boast of "golden plums" from the family of chrysobalans.

Rosaceous plants are a thriving order. Evolution gave them the ability to adapt quickly. That is why most often they can be found not in pristine forests, but in damaged areas - felling, burnings, in cities, on slopes of gullies, on abandoned arable land, even on mountain talus: rock-hewed, thick-flecked. There, without any competitors, they thrive, grow quickly and magnificently. And also grab the territory for a long time.

External structure

Many of the Rosaceae herbs are often confused with the buttercups of the order of the buttercups, because they are similar in primitivity: many stamens and pistils. Externally, plants from these two orders also have similar characteristics. But among them there are more advanced species.

Distinctive properties of developed plants from the order of Rosaceae

Primitive species often have a chaotic organization of the flower: a large size, a huge number of stamens, but developed, on the contrary:

• Pistils are protected by a cup-shaped flower stem;
• The fertile fruit grows and often becomes attractive, with a juicy pulp and pleasant aroma (apple, pear);
• Fruits and aroma attract animals, which, in turn, distribute rosaceous plants over long distances;
• Seeds are protected by a very dense shell.

Family Rosaceae

It includes angiosperms (dicotyledonous). This includes both trees and shrubs with herbs. Often have modified vegetative organs-rhizomes, mustaches, thorns.

Flowers can also be single, and in the inflorescence. For example, brushes in bird cherry, umbrellas in cherries, shields in a pear. Perianth with bright coloration or just white, attracting insect pollinators.

What features of the schematic structure are rosaceous? The flower, the formula that follows, is distinguished by the presence of a clear sequence:

• Ch5L5T∞P∞ - such a formula is strawberry, dog rose and others.

The meaning of the components of the formula:

• Ч - designation of sepals.
• A is the designation of the petal.
• T is the stamen designation.
• П is the pestle designation.
• ∞ is a set (it is impossible to count).

Numbers denote the number. For plants from the family Rosaceae flower (formula) has a typical appearance. The right flower is one through which you can draw a lot of axes, and all the parts separated by them will be symmetrical. Such characteristics are Rosaceae. The structure of the flower (formula) can be indicated in a different way.

For example, rosehip (Rosaceae) - a flower, the formula of which is the following: Са5Со5А∞G∞, where:

• Ca - from the lat. Calyx, which means a cup or sepal.
• Co - from the lat. Corola or corolla, consisting of n-th number of petals (in this case, out of 5).
• And (androceum) - male organs, i.e. stamens.
• G (genoceum) is a female organ, that is, a pestle or fused carpels.

An interesting fact is that although the dogrose and very useful plants, people from the island of Tasmania, because of the excessive growth of the number of this shrub began to struggle with it. They set goats on them. These animals are known for their destructive influence on the fauna, but everything got out of control. Goats pushed back thick bushes of wild rose, but they themselves, after eating large seeds, died because of the clogging of the intestine. We can say that for the first time in the history of mankind, plants have repelled the enemy.

No one can say the exact number of varieties of dog roses. But all of them are divided into red, white and yellow. The most common and ancient (Rosa Rugosa) are red. Among them, even allocate lianas and evergreen species.

In Siberia, weakened, collapsing soils save the roots of a large-growing dog-rose acicular - its strong rhizomes are similar to rusty iron rods.

The main pride of rosaceous deservedly can be considered their fragrant flowers. Rosaceae (the flower, the formula is described above), their decorative, economic significance and ecological role is the future of the planet. It is impossible to imagine the existence of the modern world without these plants. We can say that it was their appearance that gave impetus to the development of all life and made it the way we perceive it and know it now.