Norms of human behavior in society. Set of norms of behavior

All people are individual. Their differences are due to a number of factors, the most significant of which are ethnicity, nationality, external data, character, thinking, worldview, goals, habits, interests, etc. Even among the seven billion people of the Earth there are no two absolutely identical people.

But, despite this, all people are united by one thing - their full-fledged life is possible only within the social cell. It is society that is the most comfortable environment for a person, regardless of personal factors.

Social norms: general concepts

Norms of human behavior in society - this is a fairly multifaceted concept, reflecting the forms of interaction of the individual with the world around her.

Man as a social unit must be guided by the rules and customs established in this or that society. For each specific situation, there is a set of rules, which, however, are not fixed. So, actions that are acceptable in one society are categorically unacceptable in another. On the other hand, the social norms of the behavior of the individual can vary depending on the situation and time.

For example, imagine that you have met long-standing friends with whom you have been friends for many years. You can afford to stick around freely, put on what you think is right, do not be shy about expressions with obscene language, cheeky gestures and bad habits. Friends are used to you and perceive all your actions as the norm. And now imagine that you came to work in a large corporation and plan to achieve here a considerable career success. Your image, actions and gestures in this situation will be radically different from the previous situation: the appearance corresponds to the dress code, it acquires a business color, bad habits are maximized. But after a year or two you go with your employees to a long-planned corporate party. In this situation, you can afford to show a part of your real "I". After all, despite the fact that the composition of society has not changed, the situation has changed, and too restrained behavior can be perceived by others as distrust or dislike on your part.

If the norms of behavior can be mobile, the basic principles that determine behavioral behaviors and views on life should have clearer boundaries.

The components of social norms

Lifestyle and behavior are dictated by a combination of external and internal factors influenced by both the surrounding society and the person himself.
The system of norms of behavior includes the following concepts:

1. Social norms - indicate the necessary model of behavior in a particular society.

2. Habits - a set of personal behavioral models for a particular situation, enshrined as a result of repeated repetition.

Distinguish between positive, neutral and harmful habits. Positive habits are accepted with approval by society (welcome greeting, use of polite words), neutral habits often do not cause any reactions (eating tea without sugar, keeping a diary), bad habits speak of bad manners and characterize a person from the negative side (smoking, champing, Conversation with a full mouth, a loud eructation).

3. Manners - behaviors based on habits. They characterize the education of a person and his belonging to a particular social stratum. A well-educated person knows how to dress elegantly, knows the rules of etiquette at the table, clearly formulates his thoughts and expresses them in an understandable form for the interlocutor.

4. Etiquette - a set of standards of conduct (politeness, tact, tolerance), relevant to the higher social strata.

5. Public values are the standard of representations approved by the majority of social units: good, justice, patriotism.

6. Principles are especially important and unshakable beliefs that a person creates for himself. This is a kind of boundary, established for self-control. For example, for one person a family is the highest value, and he will never allow himself treason. For another, faith is not included in the list of principles, he can repeat treason repeatedly without remorse.

Religion as a lever of human behavior management

Despite the achievements of science, progressive thinking and modern views on life, religion is still one of the important factors in the formation of norms of personal behavior.

The priority of religion for a person is due to several factors:

1. Help from above. Every person sooner or later awaits troubles, which become a real test for his will. Bankruptcy, loss of property, divorce, serious illness or death of a loved one ... It is in such situations that people often recall the presence of an invisible force in the sky. Their faith may be impermanent, but at such times they need someone to whom they can shift part of the responsibility, from whom one can wait for help, albeit illusory.

2. Setting the principles. It is religion that often becomes a dogmatic guide pointing to moral norms of behavior. Biblical commandments state that you can not kill, rob and commit adultery, and some people perceive these principles as personal.

3. Finding the meaning of life. Another reason for turning to religion is to find answers to eternal questions.

Behavior Models

Every action performed by a person is conditioned by a corresponding motive, which, in turn, dictates the order of the reproduced acts.

All actions are divided into two categories:

1. Automatic - this is an action based on innate and acquired reflexes and skills that do not require mental awareness and are performed inertially. These include the ability to chew, breathe, walk upright, read, speak in their native language.

2. Conscious - these are more complex actions or a combination of them, requiring the use of human intellectual capabilities. This behavior model is based on the choice of one or another pattern of actions in an unfamiliar situation.

For example, you are angry with a person and you want to express your indignation, insult and humiliate him. But you understand that your desire is temporary and connected not only with this person, but with your bad mood and common failures. If you succumb to aggression, then, most likely, forever lose contact with a person. It is consciousness that decides what to do in this situation, evaluating all the pros and cons. In addition, not the least role is played by the predominance of the logical or emotional component in the character.

Behavior of young people

Youth is the perspective of the nation. Therefore, it is very important how the younger generation will be brought up.

The norms of human behavior in society call for young people:

- to be active participants in the society;
- set life goals and strive to achieve them;
- diversify your personality;
- do sport;
- get a decent education;
- to lead a healthy lifestyle without smoking and drinking alcohol;
- do not use profanity and rude expressions in a conversation;
- Respect respect for the older generation;
- create a value system for yourself and adhere to it;
- Know and follow the rules of etiquette.

But in the modern world, the behavior of young people in society often differs from the established norms and has a deviant character.

So, some young people between the ages of 14 and 20 believe that smoking and drinking alcohol is fashionable, and attending lectures at the institute is an occupation for the cumbersome. They prefer discos to books, rude in utterances and have promiscuity.

This behavior is most often formed under the influence of the company and requires immediate intervention from the parents.

Interaction of youth with the older generation

The problem of interaction between different generations will always be relevant. The value system, on which one age group is brought up, by the time of maturation, the other partially loses its relevance. Consequently, there is misunderstanding and disagreement.

Among the main causes of conflict are incompatibility of interests, different social status , immoral behavior of one of the parties, lack of a culture of communication, struggle for superiority, reluctance to yield.

Nevertheless, the values and norms of behavior instilled in us since childhood say that the younger generation should yield to the elders in any situation, even if such a decision seems unfair. In addition, it is necessary to adhere to a certain model of behavior. In communication, you need to use a respectful form of treatment - "you", as well as avoid slang. It is not allowed to ridicule and banter over the elders. A denial of assistance is considered bad form.

Norms of behavior between spouses

To build a stable house, you need to lay a solid foundation and build bricks around the walls. So in family relationships - love is the foundation, moral standards of behavior - bricks.

Married life is not only joyful moments, it is disappointment, irritation and resentment. To adequately go through all the unpleasant moments and maintain the integrity of marriage, you must follow a few simple rules:

- treat the partner as an equal;
- appreciate his personal qualities;
- support in any endeavors and do not ridicule failures;
- negotiate important points and make decisions together;
- do not turn to insults and insults;
- Do not allow yourself to be assaulted;
- to be faithful to the spouse.

Business Etiquette

If the general norms of human behavior in society can vary depending on the situation, then business etiquette is a set of behavioral models that have the most outlined facet.

In the business world there are 5 rules of etiquette:

1. Punctuality . Come to all important meetings on time, by this you will show your organization.

2. Competence . Be shod in what you are talking about. Sometimes it's better to be silent than to give false information.

3. Speech . Learn to speak competently and understandably. Even the most successful idea, presented in a clumsy and unsure language, is doomed to failure.

4. Appearance speaks about your taste and status, so in your wardrobe, except jeans and shirts, there must be a suit for an important meeting.

5. Interaction . Listen to the opinions of others and do not trust your idea to the first comer.

Compliance with these rules plays a very important role, since it reflects the level of professionalism and the seriousness of the approach to the matter.

Deviant behavior: deviation from the norm

Rules and norms of people's behavior can not always be expressed in accordance with regulated standards. Some behaviors may have a significant deviation from the norm. This manner is defined as deviant. It can have both positive features and negative features.

A vivid example of the opposite deviants are terrorists and national heroes. The actions of both of them are rejected from the behavior of the "middle masses", but they are perceived by society in different ways.

Thus, the general norms of behavior can be placed on one axis, and deviant deviations at different poles.

Forms of abnormal behavior in society

The norms of human behavior in society, expressed as deviant, have four distinct forms:

• Crime. In recent years, this indicator has grown by 17%. In many ways, crime is caused by the transition to market relations and a high level of competition, unemployment and a low standard of living, as well as psychological deviations. In addition, corruption in the legal and judicial branches of the executive branch is of no small importance, which, in the presence of prosperity, allows to avoid responsibility for violating the law.
• Alcoholism. Alcohol is an integral part of festive feasts and usual friendly meetings. It is used to celebrate something, to alleviate pain or simply to relieve stress. People are used to the fact that alcohol has become a part of their life, and do not realize the harmful effects on the individual and on society as a whole. According to statistics, 70% of crimes are committed in a state of intoxication, and more than 20% of fatal road accidents are blamed for drunken drivers.

• Addiction. Dependence on a psychotropic substance, which depletes the body and leads to its degradation. Unfortunately, despite the official ban on narcotic drugs, one in ten teenagers tried one or more types of drugs.
• Suicide. Suicide is an intentional desire to take your own life because of problems that seem insoluble. According to world statistics, suicide is most typical for highly developed countries, where there is a high level of competition both in the business sphere and on the personal front. The age group most at risk is adolescents between 14 and 18 years of age and people of retirement age.

Sanctions for non-compliance

Rules and norms of conduct are regulated by the approved laws of the state and by the unspoken rules of the society.

Sanctions for deviant behavior vary depending on the severity of the violation.

For example, murder or robbery fall under the article of violation of the criminal code, therefore, punishable by imprisonment. Provocation or a fight are administrative violations. As liability for the offense, the offender will be asked to pay a fine or perform civil works. Disruptions related to habits (did not wash the dishes, not trimmed the nails, missed an important meeting, lied), will cause disapproval of the society and further disregard or contempt.