Verbal counting. Oral account - 1st class. Verbal score - Grade 4

Mathematics is a special science, since its knowledge is necessary for a person every day throughout life. Acquaintance with some mathematical concepts, the formation of computing skills and the ability to solve problems begins as early as the preschool period - in kindergarten or at home with parents. At the stage of training in an elementary school the set of studied concepts, formed skills significantly expands.

The task of the teacher and parents is to achieve a high degree of mastery of mathematical skills. This approach allows the stock of knowledge obtained at school to make a personal baggage of a person whom he will be able to use at his discretion in later life. A great help in the formation of computing skills is provided by such activities as an oral account.

Objectives of the oral account

The use of oral computing in the lesson can have different purposes. Let's consider some of them.

• Each teacher knows: the whole course of the lesson depends on its beginning. Considering what most children like to think orally, you can put this kind of work first and then set the rhythm of the whole activity.
• An oral account can be a good way to update existing knowledge of children, which will allow the teacher to effectively organize further study of the topic.
• This type of work can be included to generalize, consolidate knowledge of the sections of the program.
• A monitoring oral account is used to track the level of computational skills.

What requirements must be observed

Requirements for the organization of oral calculations must be taken into account, otherwise work may have the opposite effect or the result will be minimal.

First, the selection of tasks should be diverse in content of the material, the form of its submission. We remember that monotony kills interest and brings boredom.

Secondly, it is extremely important to take into account the individual characteristics of students when selecting assignments. In a class there can be strong and weak pupils, insecure, timid, shy and very active children. The teacher must consider how to make the work productive for each of them.

The level of complexity of tasks should correspond to the level of development of students at the moment of training. Excessive demands will lead to suppression of the initiative, and this can negatively affect the psychological atmosphere of the lesson. Assignments of an understated level of complexity do not fulfill the teaching and developing function.

The next important requirement is the regularity of conducting classes. Pupils must perform daily tasks in mathematics lessons for 5-10 minutes (at least!), Which require oral calculations. If this condition is met, we can hope that children will learn to count quickly and correctly.

Types of exercises for an oral account

If we talk about the types of exercises for the account, we must first determine their classification. Its basis can be the content of tasks, methodical techniques used in the conduct of work, sections of the program on mathematics, the age of students, etc.

So, for example, oral exercises can include tasks of an algebraic or geometric nature, numbering issues, problem solving.

Mathematical dictations, tests, oral responses of children in front-line or individual interviews are techniques that a teacher can use to conduct an oral account. 1 class with a great interest perceives didactic games of a different nature. In tasks for an oral account, material containing historical information on the development of mathematics, as well as non-standard tasks of increased complexity, can be used.

Form of presentation of tasks

An oral account in the lessons of mathematics forms the ability to understand the essence of the task without additional explanations and interpretations. Given this, the teacher should always remember how important it is to formulate clearly the tasks, to give short, understandable instructions. This is especially important when students perceive the task by ear.

Very often for the oral account tests are used. Here, in addition to the computational skills, the child must have the ability to perceive the language of mathematics in writing, which can be difficult because of the age characteristics of children or the insufficient level of the formation of reading techniques.

The question is, is it always possible to use test tasks to conduct an oral account? Grade 4 is the period when tests can have greater efficiency in work. But at the same time the teacher needs the ability to concisely and correctly formulate the tasks.

If all the requirements for the test methodology are met, they can be used in the 2-3 grades of primary school.

How to organize work

To organize and hold an oral invoice there is a huge variety of forms, but the so-called question-answer is most often used.

When choosing such a way of organizing work, the teacher believes that each student of the class will perform the task proposed to him and, upon request, voice his own answer. At the same time, the important thing is the teacher's ability to track the activity of the students, to understand the reasons for the child's passive behavior during work.

Perhaps the teacher will have to correct them in order to create a situation of success for each student.

What results can be obtained?

Regular use of such a device as a verbal account has a positive effect on the development of memory, speech, and attention of the child. In addition, an important educational action is formed - the ability to perceive the essence of the task and meaningfully implement it.

An oral account in mathematics is of great importance in developing communication skills - children learn to express their own point of view, hear the interlocutor, react positively to the remarks of the teacher and classmates.

With the regular use of an oral account, the level of computational skills can be brought to automatism, which will greatly facilitate the work on many topics of the program in the initial classes and at subsequent training in the middle and senior levels of the school.

Use of the oral account in the work on the formation of DAL

Oral exercises regularly included in the work of the lesson, combined with tasks of a different kind, will help in the formation of the ULA (universal learning activities), as envisaged by the GEF 2009.

• At the initial stage of training in terms of the development of personal health management in each class, work is planned on the formation of a positive attitude towards school, the lessons of mathematics. An important help in this will be an oral account. The 4th class is complemented by the tasks of forming such important qualities as high self-esteem, life optimism, self-esteem.
• Regulatory UAL can also be successfully formed in the course of work, where an oral account is used; 1 class is aimed at teaching the child to perceive the learning task. With further training, this ability develops. By the end of the primary school, children not only perceive the learning task, but also retain it in memory, strictly follow the instructions of the teacher, make their adjustments to the task.
• In the formation of cognitive universal educational activities with the right organization, you can also use an oral account. 3 class (mathematics) forms the ability to compare and contrast the analyzed objects, classify them, establish relationships between concepts. This work begins in the first and second grades of the school, and in the fourth it is further developed and deepened.
• The formation of communicative teaching activities through an oral account in the article was discussed above. The existence of different points of view about mathematical concepts and the ability to adequately perceive them is the main thing that a teacher should teach his pupils.

Developing the skill of oral computing outside the school

At least in general terms, parents should know the position of the school in terms of developing the skills discussed in the article, understand the role of oral computing in the life of their child and remember that it is possible to study mathematics at home. But this should not be a boring monotonous work at the desk. Parents have the opportunity to organize a role-playing or didactic game, during which you can achieve the desired results. To classes of this kind, you can attract all family members, including younger ones. The child-pupil in this case can perform, for example, the role of the teacher. You can count as a walk, on the way to school, when the lesson does not take the lesson as a lesson.

Didactic manuals for computational skills formation

Many modern publishing houses of children's and educational literature produce for the children a whole series of books aimed at developing mathematical skills, including oral ones. Such literature can be a good assistant for the teacher and parents. The assignments in the notebooks are matched with the age of the child. And some publishers take into account the requirements of the school program.

Extraordinarily diverse multimedia products. They cause even more interest in children than books and notebooks. Their use is very effective. One should not forget about the observance of sanitary and hygienic requirements that are required for work on the computer. A modern board game for adults with cubes and chips can be perceived by modern children as something extraordinary. Therefore, its use for the development of mathematical skills, too, should not be ruled out.

Summing up what has been said, I once again want to draw attention to the fact that the oral account, methods and methods of its conduct are an integral part of the whole system of teaching the mathematics course in primary classes.