Moscow State University (MSU) named after Lomonosov: history, description, specialties

Moscow State University named after Lomonosov (Moscow) is an excellent educational institution for young people who want to devote their life entirely to science or to get a quality comprehensive education that opens doors to a number of leading Russian and foreign companies.

Foundation of the University

Moscow State University was established in 1755 by M. Lomonosov and I. Shuvalov. The date of the discovery was to be 1754, but this was not meant to happen because of the repair work. The decree on the opening of the school was signed by Empress Elizabeth herself in the winter of the same year. In honor of this event, Tatyana is celebrated every year at the university. In the spring, the first lectures began to be read. The curator of the university was Ivan Shuvalov, and the director - Alexei Argamakov. The most interesting is that Mikhail Lomonosov was not mentioned in any official document and in any speech devoted to the opening. Historians explain this by the fact that Ivan Shuvalov appropriated the idea of creating MSU and his fame from it, and also introduced into his work a number of provisions that were zealously challenged by the most Lomonosov and other progressive scientists. This is only an assumption, which has no proof. Some historians believe that Lomonosov only fulfilled the orders of Shuvalov.

Control

The Lomonosov Moscow State University was subordinated to the Government Senate. The university professors were subordinated only to the university court, which was headed by the director and curator. The duties of the curator included the full management of the institution, the appointment of teachers, the approval of the curriculum, etc. The director was elected from outside persons and carried out control activities. His duties also included ensuring the material side of the issue and establishing correspondence with famous scientists and other educational institutions. To the decision of the director received full force, it should have been approved by the curator. Under the director there was the Conference of Professors, which consisted of 3 professors and 3 assessors.

XVIII century

Moscow University of Lomonosov (Moscow State University) in the XVIII century could offer students three faculties: philosophy, medicine and law. Mikhail Kheraskov in 1779 creates a university noble boarding school, which becomes a gymnasium in 1930. The founder of the university press is Nikolai Novikov (1780). Here the newspaper Moskovskye Vedomosti was published, which was the most popular in the whole Russian Empire. Soon, the first scientific communities begin to form at the university.

XIX century

Since 1804, the management of the university passed into the hands of the Council and the rector, who was approved personally by the emperor. The council consisted of the best professors. The reelection of the rector took place every year by secret ballot. Similarly, the deans were elected. The first rector chosen by such a system was H. Chebotarev. The Council dealt with the curriculum, checking the knowledge of students and appointing teachers in the gymnasium and school. Every month, sessions were held at the Lomonosov Moscow State University dedicated to new scientific discoveries and experiments. The executive body was the Board, which consisted of the rector and deans. Communication between university administrators and the authorities was carried out with the help of a trustee. At this time, the faculties at Moscow State University named after MV Lomonosov underwent some changes: they were divided into 4 branches of science (political, verbal, physical, mathematical and medical).

XX century

In 1911 there is a loud scandal - "Cassault case". As a result, about 30 professors and 130 teachers leave the university for 6 years. The physics and mathematics faculty suffered most from this, which, after the departure of P. Lebedev, died out in development for 15 years. In 1949, the construction of a new building on Vorobyovy Gory begins, which in the future becomes the main building of the university. In 1992, the rector of the university elected a famous mathematician V. Sadovnichy.

Educational process

Do you want to know what they teach at Lomonosov Moscow State University? In 2011, all Russian universities were to move to a two-tiered training system, which is prescribed by the Bologna Convention. Despite this, MSU continues to teach students on an integrated 6-year program. Rector of the University Viktor Sadovnichy said that the educational institution prepares future specialists according to its own standards. He stressed that they would be on a level higher than the state ones. For students, two forms of study are possible: specialization and master's degree. Training for a specialist will last 6 years, and the bachelor's degree will remain only in some faculties. Analysts in the field of education have different points of view on such a decision of the university: someone approves it, someone does not hurry to draw conclusions.

Structure

To date, the University consists of more than 600 buildings, the total area of which is approximately 1 million m². Only in the capital of Russia does the territory of the university occupy about 200 hectares. It is known that the Moscow government has allocated 120 hectares of land for new buildings of the university, which has been active since 2003. The territory was received for free rent. Construction is largely due to the assistance of CJSC Inteko. The company has built up part of the allocated territory with two residential areas and a parking zone. The university has a share of 30% of the living space and 15% of the parking. Also, the territory is planned to be built with four buildings surrounding the fundamental library. All this will be a small town, which will house a laboratory and research building and a stadium.

In 2005, a fundamental library was built. In the fall of 2007, the mayor of the city, Yu. Luzhkov, and the rector of Moscow State University, inaugurated two important objects: the first building of the Moscow State University, which housed three faculties (public administration, historical and philosophical) and a system of 5 buildings for the medical center (polyclinic, hospital, diagnostic and Analytical centers and educational building). In the winter of 2009, the solemn opening of the third humanitarian building was held, in which the economic faculty was planned to be located. A year later, the 4th building was opened, which occupied the law faculty. Under the Lomonosov Avenue, an underground pedestrian crossing was established, which connected the new and old territories.

In 2011, the first educational building located on a new territory, began to be called "Shuvalovsky", and another under construction will be called "Lomonosovsky". Branches of the university are even outside the country, in the most remote corners: in Astana, Dushanbe, Baku, Yerevan, Tashkent and Sevastopol.

The scientific life

State University named after Lomonosov (Moscow State University) is famous for talented scientists who regularly publish interesting works and studies. In the spring of 2017 biologists of Moscow State University published a report in which they proved the relationship between renal insufficiency and "wrong" mitochondria. The results of the experiments were published in the scientific journal Scientific Reports. A new method was created to help assess the state of the environment. The university is famous not only for famous scientists who have already created a name, but also young talents. Many of them in 2017 became laureates of the Moscow government prize.

Faculties

Lomonosov Moscow State University offers students a choice of a large number of areas of education. In total there are about 30 faculties. The Moscow School of Economics, the Graduate School of Business, the Department of Military Training, the Higher School of Translation, etc. are functioning on the basis of the university. There is also the University Gymnasium, which accepts orphans. What interesting things can we learn about the Lomonosov Moscow State University? The Faculty of Physics is considered one of the most progressive, and not for nothing. He is considered the best place to study physics in the whole of Russia, because there are conducted studies that get world-wide coverage. Leading teachers are scientists who are known for their discoveries and ideas even abroad. This faculty was established in 1933, and then it was called the Department of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. Scientists such as S. Vavilov, N. Bogolyubov, A. Tikhonov taught here . Out of 10 Russian Nobel Prize laureates 7, A. Prokhorov, P. Kapitsa, I. Frank, V. Ginzburg, L. Landau, A. Abrikosov and I. Tamm studied and worked at this faculty.

Summarizing this review article, I want to say that the Moscow State University. Lomonosov is one of the best universities in the Russian Federation, if not the best. To make a choice to each entrant follows independently, as learning here opens a lot of opportunities. The popularity of this educational institution is unlikely to ever fall, because even in the branches there are almost never shortages.