Medical dressings. Kinds of dressings (photo)

If tissue damage occurs in one or another case, dressings must be applied to the injured area. Kinds of dressings are diverse, their type is chosen depending on the place of cuts, trauma. The goals pursued by the application of the dressing are also taken into account. There is a whole science that studies this technique, desmurgy.

Classification of dressings depending on the purpose

Injuries can be different: cuts, bruises. Often they are accompanied by bleeding and wounding of pathogens. Therefore, it is important to consider the functionality of the dressing. Types of dressings can perform a protective function, that is, protect the site of damage from infection. Also used and medicinal dressings. Often, they have a lower layer impregnated with a medicinal product necessary for wound healing. To stop the bleeding that occurs, a pressure bandage is used.

Types of dressing material

The most common material that uses surgery (dressings, types of other methods of damage treatment) is gauze. This is a natural material, lightweight, hygroscopic. Among its advantages are the availability of material, easy sterilization. On the basis of gauze bandages, napkins, balls of different diameters are made. Also used are fabric bandages, gypsum (bandages with layers of gypsum). Treatment of ulcers does not do without zinc-gelatinous materials. In this case, each layer is impregnated with a special zinc paste. It is worth noting that tissue dressings are used only if there are no bandages made of gauze. The dressing material is also fixed in a certain way. Often this adhesive tape, glue, bandage. Possible and kosynochny view, T-like, slinging. There are also different types of dressings. The types of dressings that are used in most cases are circular, spiral bandaging, cruciform, tortoise, and also a cross type.

Requirements for a material that is in direct contact with the wound

Damaged skin and tissue is fraught with a major danger - it is not capable of resisting the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the body. Therefore, not even a very large wound can be dangerous to human health. The bandage that comes in contact with this site should not only promote blood coagulability, but also protect the site of damage from fungi, bacteria and viruses. As a rule, sterile material is used in such cases. Also used bandages impregnated with antibacterial drugs. To protect the wound from mechanical damage, pressure, a layer of cotton wool or bandage, folded into several layers, is necessary. All this should be firmly entrenched, but at the same time do not squeeze the damaged area.

How to bandage minor wounds

The following types of wound dressings are possible, which are characterized by an easy degree of damage. For small cuts, other micro-injuries, the most commonly used adhesive plaster. It should be with a bandage layer, which is applied directly to the wound. Sticky edges need to fix it (but not too tightly). You can also use a regular bandage. For cuts, it is best to apply a patch crosswise. In this case, it is necessary to fix the wound tight, which will allow it to drag on. In cases with minor burns (reddened skin, mild pain), sterile gauze is used, which is fixed with adhesive tape. In this case, it is necessary to control that the edges of the tape do not touch the burn. For blisters, there is a special bandage, in which a cutout along the center is provided. After applying it, you can cover such a patch with a bandage so that the bursting bubble does not become a target for infection.

Serious damage handling

To stop bleeding, pressure bandages are used. The soft part of the gauze is placed in the center of the wound, around which a thin strip of material wraps around. All this is fixed with adhesive tape or bandages. There are damages in which a foreign object remains in the wound (a fragment, metal, etc.). It is dangerous to extract it independently. In such cases, a ring bandage is used. It is located around a third-party object and is fixed with a tape. Thus, the pressure in the wound is partly relieved. With such damages as dislocation or fracture, it is recommended to use triangular dressings. With their help, a line is formed, into which the tire is placed. For second-degree burns (diameter greater than 8 cm, tenderness, swelling), a sterile gauze dressing is used, which prevents the penetration of the infection.

Head bandaging

There are such types of head bandages: cap, simple bandage, a cap of Hippocrates, a dressing of eyes, ears. A simple bandage covers the vault of the skull directly. A strip of dressing material is put on the crown of the head, the ends drop down. Then a circular dressing is performed. This is the easiest technique, but it does not possess great strength. Chepets - a similar technique, is performed with the help of a circular motion until the entire hair part is covered with a bandage. When applying a bandage "Hippocrates cap" use two bandages, one of which makes circular strokes, and the other - movements back and forth. If the right eye is damaged, then the dressing is carried out from left to right (for the left eye on the contrary). The circular course of the dressing material closes the damaged organ of vision. In cases of damage to both eyes, a fixation circle is first made. Then, on the top of the head, forehead, obliquely lowering the bandage, close the left eye. Then from the bottom up, just close the right. If ear ligation is required, first several circles of bandage around the head are performed, then gradually lower the bandage lower, closing the damaged area.

Dressings. Kinds of belly bandages, chest

If the abdominal cavity, groin, buttocks are damaged, a spicate bandage is applied . First make a few circular tours around the abdomen. The dressing is then carried along the side, the front, the inside of the thigh. Then the bandage passes along the back part, rises upwards. Thus, there are several stages. The dressing can be directed up or down. Similarly, the entire groin area is bandaged. This operation is performed with wide bandages. For the chest , eight types of dressings are used, the photos of which are given below. Begin it in the lower section, rising to the armpits. Then they pass to the left shoulder, under the right armpit. Next, a circular motion is performed, fixing the bandage.

Modern types of dressings

For extensive injuries, it is possible to use Mastafarov bandages. Such types of surgical dressings are made of gauze (tissue) and repeat the shape of the affected area. Recently, the use of net-tubular elastic bandages is widespread. They do not deliver unpleasant sensations, do not disrupt the blood flow, optimally flow through the air. With their help, you can bandage the damaged joint, head, abdomen, perineum and without special medical skills. This dressing is simply worn on the injured area. Be sure to put on the wound a sterile bandage (or soaked in special drugs). There are such kinds of data knitted bandages: on finger, foot, upper limbs, buttock area, hip joint, perineum, chest and abdomen. Also highly effective application and special powders. Such types of medical "dressings" are applied directly to the wound, draw microbes out of it, isolate the area of damage, without violating hygroscopicity. When these materials are used, the wounds heal much faster. They are removed with a tampon impregnated with saline.