Musical signs, symbols and tools. A musical piece performed as a greeting sign

From time immemorial through art people embodied their feelings, thoughts and experiences. Some painted masterpieces of painting, depicting objects of inspiration, everyday life, as well as memorized episodes from his own biography. Others built various kinds of structures and monuments, giving them some symbolic meaning. The most extraordinary of them began to be called the wonders of the world. From the hands of the third one after another came out pages of future poems, novels, epics, where to every moment of the plot was chosen a strong, relevant, in the author's opinion, the word.

However, there were those who found inspiration in the sound. They created special tools to express their emotions that had become overwhelmed by them. These people are called musicians.

What is music?

Nowadays the notion of "music" is given a huge number of definitions. But if we reason objectively, then this is a kind of art, the main subject of which is this or that sound.

It is noteworthy that in many ancient languages this word means "activity of the muses".

The Soviet scientist Arnold Sohor, in turn, believed that music reflects the reality in a peculiar way, and also influences the person through meaningful and specially arranged in height and also in time sound sequences, the main constituent parts of which are the tone.

A Brief History of Music

Since ancient times, people have loved music. On the territory of ancient Africa, with the help of various songs, which are parts of rituals, they tried to contact spirits, gods. In Egypt, the same music was used mainly for religious hymns. There were such concepts as "passions" and "misseria", equated to genres. The most famous works of Egypt were The Book of the Dead and The Pyramid Texts, describing the "passions" of the Egyptian god Osiris. The ancient Greeks were the first people in the world who in their culture could achieve the highest expression of music. It is worth adding here the fact that they also first noticed the existence of a kind of regularity between mathematical quantities and sounds.

With the passage of time, music was formed and developed. In it, several main directions began to be singled out.

According to the classical theory, by the 9th century the following musical genres existed on earth: the Gregorian chant (that is, various kinds of church singing, liturgies), bardic songs and secular music (a vivid example of this genre is the anthem). In the process of people's interaction, these genres gradually mingled with each other, forming new, dissimilar to the former. So, at the end of the XIX century jazz appeared, which became the progenitor for many modern genres.

What are the musical signs and symbols?

How can you record sounds? Musical musical notations are conditional graphic symbols that are located on a musical camp. Their main function is to designate the height, as well as the relative duration of a particular sound. It's no secret that the musical notation is the practical foundation of music. However, it is not given to everyone. To study musical signs is a rather laborious process, the fruits of which only the most patient and assiduous can taste.

If we now begin to delve into the features of modern notation, then this article will become, to put it mildly, very large. For this it is necessary to write a separate, rather voluminous work about musical signs and symbols. One of the most famous symbols, of course, is the "treble clef." During its existence, it has become a symbol of musical art.

What are musical instruments and what are they?

Items that make it possible to extract various kinds of sounds necessary to create a work are called musical instruments. Instruments that exist today, according to their abilities, purposes, sound qualities are divided into several main groups: keyboard, percussion, wind, string and reed.

There are many other classifications (the Hornbostel-Sachs system is a good example).

The physical basis of almost any instrument that produces musical sounds (except for various electrical devices) is the resonator. A string, a so-called oscillatory circuit, a column of air (in a certain volume) or any other object capable of storing the energy transferred to it in the form of oscillations can act as it.

Resonance frequency sets the first overtone (in other words, the main tone) of the sound that is being produced at the moment.

It should be noted that the musical instrument has the ability to simultaneously reproduce the number of sounds equal to the number of resonators used. The design may provide for a different number. The extraction of sound begins at the moment when energy is introduced into the resonator. If the musician needs to stop the sound forcibly, then you can resort to such an effect as damping. If some tools are used, resonant frequencies can be changed. In some instruments that produce non-musical sounds (for example, drum sounds), this device is not used.

What are musical works and what are they?

In a broad sense, a piece of music, or, as it is called, an opus, is any play, improvisation, folk song. In other words, almost everything that can be transmitted through the ordered fluctuations of sounds. As a rule, it is characterized by a certain internal completeness, material fixation (through musical signs, notes, etc.), some kind of motivation. Also unique is the uniqueness, which, as a rule, is the author's feelings and emotions, which he wished to present to listeners of his work.

It should be noted that the term "musical work" as an established concept appeared in the field of art relatively recently (the exact date is unknown, but somewhere in the region of the XVIII-XIX century). Up to this point, it was replaced in every possible way.

For example, Wilhelm Humboldt and Johann Herder used the word "activity" instead of this term. In the era of avant-garde, the name was replaced with an "event", an "action", an "open form". Currently, there is a huge number of different musical works. We offer to consider the most famous, interesting and unusual of them.

I. Song (or song)

Song - one of the simplest, but common musical works, in which the poetic text is accompanied by a simple A melody that is easy to remember.

It is worth noting that the song is one of the most developed directions in the sense that at the moment there are a lot of its various forms, genres, etc.

II. Symphony

A symphony (in Greek - "harmony, grace, harmony") is a musical work, which is primarily intended for the performance of an orchestra, which can be wind, string, chamber, or mixed. In some cases, vocals or chorus may be included in Simony.

Often this work is brought together with other genres, thereby forming mixed forms (for example, a symphony-suite, a symphony-poem, a symphony-fantasy, etc.)

III. Prelude and Fugue

Prelude (from the Latin prae - "coming" and ludus - "game") - this is a small work, which, unlike others, does not have a strict form.

Mostly preludes and fugues are created for instruments such as harpsichord, organ, piano

Initially, these works were intended to enable musicians to "warm up" in front of the main part of the performance. However, later they were already singled out as independent independent works.

IV. Carcass

This type is also quite interesting, since it does not pay much attention. Touche - (from the French "key", "introduction") is a piece of music performed as a token of greeting. The term was first used in Germany in the middle of the 18th century.

The main purpose of this work is to attract the attention of the audience to what is happening, as well as the introduction of an appropriate emotional coloring in the event (as a rule, these are various solemn ceremonies). Often a piece of music in greeting is played by a brass band. Surely everyone heard carcasses that are performed at the time of awarding, etc.

In our today's article, we sorted out what kind of musical instruments, signs, works. We hope that it was useful and informative for readers.