Lukashenka Alexander Grigoryevich. President of the Republic of Belarus. Photo, personal life

The first and only president of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko for every citizen of his country is an example and a great authority. Why do they love him so much? Why do the people trust the government of the same person for 20 years? The biography of Lukashenko Alexander Grigorievich, the "last dictator of Europe", which will be described in this article, will help to find answers to these and many other questions.

Childhood of the Future President

Alexander Lukashenko's birthday was an ordinary summer day in 1954. This happened in the village of Kopys in the Orsha district of the Vitebsk region. Until recently, it was believed that Alexander Lukashenko was born on August 30. The date of birth was revised in 2010, as it became known that Alexander Grigoryevich was born after midnight on the night of August 31. When he was registered, for some reason, the date was 30 August. Despite the fact that now Lukashenka's birthday is celebrated on August 31, in his passport the data remained the same.

Alexander's parents divorced when he was very young, so the upbringing of his son completely fell on the shoulders of his mother - Ekaterina Trofimovna. During the war, she lived in the village of Alexandria, after her graduation she moved to the Orsha district and got a job in a flax mill. After the birth of her son, Ekaterina Trofimovna returned to her native village in the Mogilev region again . The information about the father biography Lukashenko Alexander Grigorievich practically does not contain. It is known only that he was a Byelorussian and worked in the forestry. It is also known that the grandfather of Alexander Grigorievich along the line of his mother came from the Sumy region of Ukraine.

Education and starting work

In 1971 - after graduating from high school - Lukashenka Alexander Grigorievich entered the Mogilev Pedagogical Institute at the Faculty of History. In 1975 he received a diploma of higher education in the specialty "teacher of history and social science". By distribution of the young specialist was sent to the city of Shklov, where he worked for several months at the secondary school No. 1 for the position of secretary of the Komsomol committee. Then he was drafted into the army - from 1975 to 1977 he served in the border troops of the KGB. Having given the debt to his homeland, Alexander Lukashenko continued his career as secretary of the Komsomol committee of the Mogilev Gospischetorg. Already in 1978 he was appointed executive secretary of the Shklov Society "Knowledge", and in 1979 he joined the CPSU.

In 1985, Alexander Grigoryevich received another higher education - he graduated from the Belorussian Agricultural Academy with a degree in economics, the organizer of agricultural production.

The "collective farm" period

In 1982, Alexander Lukashenko was appointed deputy chairman of the collective farm "Drummer", in the period from 1983 to 1985 he worked as deputy director of the building materials factory in Shklov, and after receiving education in the agricultural sphere he was assigned the work of the secretary of the party committee of the collective farm. Of VI Lenin. From 1987 to 1994, Lukashenko successfully managed a state farm called "Gorodets" in the Shklou district and in a short time managed to turn it from a loss-making one into a front line.

His merits were appreciated, Lukashenko was elected a member of the district party committee and was invited to Moscow.

Career of a deputy

In March 1990, Alexander Grigorievich was elected People's Deputy of Belarus. At that time, the process of the disintegration of the Soviet Union was already under way, and in July 1990 the Republic of Belarus became a sovereign state. The future president, Alexander Lukashenko, managed to make a dizzying political career in such a difficult time for the country. He created a reputation as a defender of the people, a fighter for justice, started a war with corrupt power. On his initiative, Prime Minister Kebich was dismissed in early 1991, and a fraction of the "Communist Democrats of Belarus" was established a few months later.

At the end of 1991, Lukashenko was the only one who voted against the approval of the Belovezhsky agreements.

In 1993, the criticism and opposition of Alexander Lukashenko to the government became particularly pronounced. At that time, it was decided to create a temporary commission of the Supreme Council to fight corruption and appoint it as chairman of Lukashenka. In April 1994, after the resignation of Shushkevich Stanislav, the commission was liquidated as having fulfilled the task.

President of the Republic of Belarus

The activities of Alexander Lukashenko to expose corrupt government structures made him so popular that he decided to submit his candidacy for the replacement of the highest office in the state. In July 1994, Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko (whose photo is presented in the article), having collected more than eighty percent of the votes, became the president of Belarus.

Conflicts in Parliament

Alexander Grigorievich, after assuming the presidency, began a frank struggle with the Belarusian parliament. On several occasions he refused to sign the bills adopted by the Supreme Council, in particular the law "On the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus". But the deputies secured the entry into force of this law, arguing that according to the legal norms the President of the Republic of Belarus may not sign a document approved by the Supreme Council.

In February 1995, the conflicts in the parliament continued. President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko proposed (along with the parliamentary elections) on May 14 to hold a referendum. And find out the people's opinion on the integration of the economies of Belarus and Russia, the replacement of the symbols of the state. It was also proposed to officially make Russian the second state language, and give the president the opportunity to dissolve the Armed Forces. Interestingly, he suggested that the Supreme Council dissolve itself in a week. The deputies supported only one proposal of the president - on integration with the Russian Federation, and in protest at Lukashenka's actions in the parliament session hall they went on a hunger strike. Soon there was information that the building was mined, and riot police forces forced all deputies to leave the premises. The President of the Republic of Belarus stated that the OMON was sent to ensure the security of the deputies of the Supreme Council. The latter claimed that police officers did not protect them, but severely beaten by order of the president.

As a result, the planned referendum was held, all proposals of Alexander Grigorievich were supported by the people.

A course towards rapprochement with Russia

From the very beginning of his political activity Alexander Lukashenko was guided by the rapprochement of fraternal states - Russia and Belarus. He confirmed his intentions by signing agreements on the creation of a payment and customs union with Russia in 1995, on friendship and cooperation of states in February of the same year and on the creation of the Community of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in 1996.

In March 1996, an agreement was also signed on integration in the humanitarian and economic sectors of the countries of the former USSR - Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia.

The 1996 referendum

Alexander Lukashenko strove to concentrate all power in his hands. To this end, in August 1996, he addressed the people with a proposal to hold a second referendum on November 7 and consider the adoption of a new draft constitution. According to the changes made to the main document of the country by Lukashenko, Belarus became a presidential republic, and the head of the state was given broad powers.

The parliament postponed the referendum on November 24 and proposed its draft constitution for consideration. At the same time, several party leaders joined forces to collect signatures for impeachment of Lukashenka, and the Constitutional Court banned a referendum on changing the country's main law. Alexander Grigoryevich on his way to his goal passed to the cardinal measures - he dismissed the chairman of the Central Election Commission Gonchar, contributed to the resignation of Prime Minister Chigir and dissolved the parliament.

The referendum was held on schedule, the draft constitution was approved. This allowed Lukashenko to concentrate all the power in his hands.

Relations with the world

The world community refused to recognize the results of the 1996 Belarusian referendum. Lukashenka became an enemy of almost all world states, he was accused of dictatorial manner of administration. The scandal in the Minsk complex called "Drozdy" added fuel to the fire when, not without the participation of the Belarusian president, diplomats from 22 countries of the world were evicted from their residences. Lukashenka accused ambassadors of plotting against himself, to which the world responded by banning the entry of the president of Belarus into a number of world states.

Lukashenka's relations with the West did not strengthen and the cases of the disappearance of the opposition politicians of Belarus, in which they blamed the president himself.

As for the relations between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation, both states continued to make mutual promises and create the appearance of rapprochement, but in fact, until the real results of the creation of a unified state, the matter did not reach. In 1999, Lukashenka and Yeltsin signed an agreement on the creation of the Union State.

In 2000, the President of Belarus visited the US, despite all the prohibitions, and made a speech at the Millennium Summit. Lukashenko began to criticize the NATO countries and military operations in Yugoslavia, accused the authorities of some countries of illegal and inhumane actions.

The second and third presidential terms

In September 2001, Lukashenko's second presidential term began. At this time, Belarus' relations with Russia are becoming increasingly tense. The leaders of the two allied countries could not find compromise solutions in matters of governance. Lukashenka's proposal to direct the Union State in turn was taken by Putin as a joke and put forward the idea of integration on the model of the European Union, which the Belarusian president did not like. Controversial questions about the introduction of a single currency also did not find a solution.

The situation was aggravated by "gas" scandals. Reduction of gas supply to Moscow by Belarus and subsequent termination of supplies caused resentment from Lukashenka. He said that if Russia does not correct the situation, Belarus will break all previous agreements with it.

In the history of relations between the two states, there were many conflict situations. In addition to the gas scandal, in 2009 there was a so-called "milk conflict", when Moscow banned the import of Belarusian dairy products into Russia. There is a suggestion that this was a gesture of discontent with the fact that Lukashenka did not want to sell twelve dairy plants in Belarus to Russia. The response of President Lukashenko was the boycott of the summit of the heads of government of the CSTO countries and the issuance of an order on the immediate introduction of customs and border control at the border with the Russian Federation. The control was introduced on June 17, but on the same day it was canceled, because during the negotiations between Moscow and Minsk it was decided to resume supplies of Belarusian dairy products to Russia.

In 2004, the Belarusian president initiated another referendum, which canceled the provision that the same person can be elected to the presidency for no more than two consecutive terms. The results of this referendum did not fall into the liking of the US and Western Europe, and they imposed a series of economic sanctions against Lukashenka and Belarus.

On the statement of Kandolizza Wright that in Belarus the dictatorship is bound to be replaced by democracy, Alexander Lukashenko answered that he would not allow any "color" revolutions paid by Western bandits on the territory of his state.

In March 2006, the next presidential elections were held in the Republic of Belarus . The victory, backed by 83% of the votes, was again won by Lukashenka. Opposition structures and some countries did not recognize the results of the elections. Perhaps, because for the Belarusian president the interests of his state are always above all. For him the support of citizens is what is important, here is the highest reward and recognition. In December 2010, Alexander Lukashenko was elected to the presidency for the fourth time, gaining 79.7 percent of the vote.

Merits to the people

Over the twenty years of Alexander Lukashenko's presidency, Belarus has been able to achieve some of the highest growth rates in the economy. The Belarusian president, despite all the sanctions of the United States and the EU, managed to establish good relations with many countries of the world, to preserve and develop the domestic industries of industrial production, to raise the ruins of agriculture, machinery and the oil refining industry of the country's economy.

Alexander Lukashenko's family

Since 1975 the President of Belarus has been in an official marriage with Galina Rodionovna Zholnerovich. But it became known to the press that the spouses had lived separately for a long time. The President has three sons. Children Alexander Lukashenko followed in the footsteps of his father: the oldest son Victor fulfills the duties of adviser to the President on national security, the middle son Dmitry is the chairman of the central council of the President's sports club.

Younger son Nikolai is an illegitimate child. According to one version, the mother of the boy is Abelskaya Irina, the former personal doctor of the Lukashenka family. The media note the fact that the president appears at all official events and even military parades about his youngest son. In the press, information is spread that Lukashenka is preparing Nicholas for the presidency, but Alexander Grigorievich himself calls these rumors "stupid." The children of Alexander Lukashenko, he said, are free to choose their own way of life.

The president of Belarus has seven grandchildren: four - Victoria, Alexander, Valeria and Yaroslav - the children of Viktor's eldest son, three - Anastasia, Daria and Alexandra - the daughter of the second son of Dmitry. Pay as much attention as possible to grandchildren - this is what Alexander Lukashenko Alexander Grigorievich considers priority in the allocation of free time.

The wife of the president and all relatives far from politics, at the insistence of Alexander Grigorievich, almost never communicate with the press.