Local sewerage for the house: the principle of operation and installation advice

Villages and houses are currently being built at a pace that outstrips the development of communal systems and infrastructure. Electric networks do not lag behind as quickly as gasification, water supply and sewerage. For each such system there are only a couple of alternatives: generators, liquefied gas, wells and wells. Whereas the canalization of a country house can be equipped according to one of the existing technologies - it can be a primitive cesspit, as well as a deep cleaning station, not counting intermediate solutions. With the help of the last one mentioned above, water can be obtained at the outlet, which would be suitable even for watering the garden.

The principle of the cesspool

If you need local sewerage, then you can choose the simplest version of it - the cesspool. The principle of its operation is rather simple, it consists in the fact that sewage, used water, and also kitchen drains are piped to the storage tank. It is located in the courtyard. As the filling is completed, it is necessary to carry out cleaning with a sewage machine. Such a system can be of two types: a sealed pit and a pit without a bottom. In the first case, a plastic container is used, which is buried in the ground.

Tips for installing a cesspool without a bottom

If the country house is operated as a dacha, and residence in it is not always provided, it will be more expedient to equip the cesspool, in which the filtering bottom is present. This scheme is suitable if the amount of sewage does not exceed one cubic meter in 24 hours. Such a solution is possible when the ground has a sandy loamy or sandy type, and the groundwater is located not more than 2.5 m from the surface. Digging out the foundation pit, and the top layer of the soil is spread over the site, with 1.5 m ^{3 of} soil left for the device of the warming layer, which will be located above the overlap.

Pipes are laid with the arrangement of walls, the latter can be concrete or brick. Pipes should be positioned at an angle to ensure a natural drain. When local sewerage is arranged in the form of a cesspool, it is necessary to lay the pipe in the upper part of the second compartment from the surface, turning it inside the well. After installing the pipes, covers and rings, you can start installing hatches. When using brickwork, at the level of the walls it is necessary to excavate the soil by 30 cm. This will allow the concrete slab to be laid on the ground and on the walls of the well. Plate is filled with soil to the surface level, while the hatch should remain free.

The principle of action and recommendations for the arrangement of a sealed pit

Local suburban sewerage can be realized by the method of arrangement of a sealed cesspool. The principle of its work is that impurities enter the tubes in a sealed container and are expected to be pumped out. The volume of the pit must be calculated, taking into account the amount of waste that will be accounted for by the family. If you often use a dishwasher and a washing machine, and also intensively take a bath and shower, the drainage pit should be cleaned up to 3 times a month. The accumulator can be made in the form of a plastic container.

Wells are not so tight. An excellent option will be the eurocube, whose volume is 1000 liters. For many, it is preferable to use such local wastewater treatment plants, the sewerage in the form of sealed pits should have a ventilation outlet with a diameter of 10 cm or more. The end of the pipe is carried out above the ground by 70 cm. In the next stage pipes are laid, along the way they should not grow trees, since this can limit access to them if repairs are necessary.

Principle of septic tank operation

Quite often in the houses and building a campus is settled septic tank. A local sewer for a small family will suffice. If you decide to use this particular option, you must first become familiar with the principle of the system. It provides for the presence of several chambers, the first of which acts as a settler, where drains from the sewage system leave. At this stage the impurities are filtered and decomposed. Under the influence of bacteria, they turn into sludge, clarified water and gas fraction. Then the water penetrates into the next chamber, which is called the filtration well. Gases are removed through the vent.

Such local sewerage for a country house contains three compartments, where water enters and soaks up the soil. This is ensured by the presence of a drainage layer and perforated walls. This principle of operation allows the decomposition of effluents into separate components that do not pose a danger to the environment. The basis of the functioning is mechanical processes and biological processing methods. Domestic wastewater enters the sump at the first stage, which should be large enough that the entire volume of waste can fit there. Within a few days, heavier inclusions will sink to the bottom. The liquid through the overflow pipes will flow into the next compartment, inside of which there are anaerobic bacteria. They are able to decompose organic compounds into simple fractions. As a result of their activities, carbon dioxide and heat are formed, and then they are discharged to the outside.

Tips for developing a septic tank

Local sewage can be created on the basis of concrete rings. They will need 9 pieces, among other things, you need to purchase three sewers. At the next stage, three wells are dug out, the depth of each of which must be three meters, while the diameter will be 2.8 m. A concrete cushion is laid on the bottom of the first two pits. Further, concrete rings are installed. In this case, each ring will have three rings. Slots between them should be filled with liquid glass, and the distance from the walls to the rings must be filled with soil.

Installation of pipes

Local sewerage in the form of a septic tank should have in the structure of the pipe, through which the sewage will move. In the first well the sewer pipe should be brought at a small angle. Whereas when connecting the first and second wells, remember that the pipe should be located 20 cm below. The next pipe that connects the second and third wells is located still 20 cm below. Sewage from the first two compartments should not leak. Concrete pillows and water glass will ensure the tightness of the tanks. That is why this stage should be given special attention. When local sewerage is arranged, one third well must be laid with crushed stone or gravel, each of which will serve as a filter. If the water from the last well flows into the body of water, a chlorine cartridge must be placed on the bottom. It is possible to use special bacteria or algae as a filter.

For reference

Local sewerage for the house in the form of a septic tank has many advantages and some disadvantages, the latter of which are expressed in the need for a large area for the location of the system. That's why not all property owners can afford the installation. Among other things, you need to monitor the integrity of the compartments, so that they do not have cracks. You can take care of this by covering the internal walls of the rings with bitumen or by cementing them.

Conclusion

Quite often in the country houses and buildings in the city today local treatment facilities are used. Sewerage can be made using different technologies, however one of the simplest is a cesspool. The most preferable is the hermetic construction, the pipes for which are laid below the depth of the freezing lines of the soil. If this is not possible, the pipeline requires warming.