List of childhood diseases: mumps, chicken pox, measles. Symptoms, treatment, prevention

Babies, like adults, are not immune from the occurrence of various ailments. The list of childhood diseases includes many serious and dangerous conditions. Among them, special attention should be paid to mumps, chicken pox, measles. How these diseases manifest themselves, what kind of treatment is needed, can prevent prevention from the listed ailments - the questions that all parents ask.

What is the "mumps" disease?

One of the well-known childhood ailments is epidemic parotitis. In the people this disease is called mumps. This is an acute infectious disease, in which the glandular organs and the central nervous system are affected. Pig is mainly found between the ages of 5 and 15 years. Much less often the disease is revealed in children younger and older. The highest incidence is observed in winter and spring.

Talking about what a "pig", it is worth considering the causative agent of the disease. They are the virus. Its source is people infected with epidemic parotitis. The virus is excreted from the body with saliva, so the path of its transmission is airborne. Children can get infected from each other while in the same room. It is also possible to transmit the pathogen through contaminated objects. It can be toys, towels.

Symptoms of mumps

Parents who do not know what a "pig", it is worth remembering the following:

• After the causative agents of mumps enter the body, the incubation period begins (its duration may be from 11 to 26 days);
• The first symptom that can arise is a rise in temperature to 38-39 degrees;
• Children swollen, swollen, the parotid gland on one side becomes painful;
• In a couple of days, the opposite parotid gland will swell (pains are felt, they are worse when chewing food, swallowing, opening the mouth).

The period of fever lasts about 3-4 days. Then the state is slightly normalized. After a while, the temperature rises again. The pathological process involves other organs. As a rule, on the 6-8th day the boys get an egg test. It increases, it causes severe pain. After a couple of days the inflammation begins to subside and gradually passes. Quite often, after the defeat of the salivary glands, the pancreas is involved in the pathological process. Mumps in children at this time is manifested by the following symptoms, which disappear on average over the week:

• Abdominal pain;
• nausea;
• Vomiting;
• Decreased appetite;
• Stool (diarrhea or constipation);
• Dryness and lagging of the tongue.

Treatment and prevention of mumps

With epidemic parotitis, treatment can be done at home. Pediatricians appoint:

• Bed rest;
• Frequent drinking;
• Food intake in the first days in a liquid or semi-liquid form;
• Mouth rinsing after eating food boiled water, 2% sodium bicarbonate solution;
• The application of dry heat to the salivary glands.

If the testicles become inflamed, pancreatitis or other complications occur (for example, meningoencephalitis), then an urgent hospitalization of the sick child is necessary.

Mumps in children is a disease that can be avoided. The main preventive measures are vaccinations. The vaccine is administered twice - at 12-18 months and between 2 and 6 years. Preventive maintenance of disease also consists in isolation sick children in house conditions or a hospital. This measure, taken in a timely manner, prevents the spread of the pathogen.

The essence of chickenpox

A list of childhood diseases includes chicken pox, or chicken pox. In medicine, this term refers to an infectious disease that occurs with fever and the occurrence of a vesicle (blister) rash. It, as a rule, develops in children under 10 years old. The probability of occurrence of chicken pox in the winter-spring period is greatest.

The causative agent is a virus from the herpes virus family. If it enters a non-immune organism, then chicken pox develops . If the pathogen is found in the immune system, then herpes zoster arises. The virus is transmitted from sick people by airborne droplets.

Clinical picture of chickenpox

After the causative agent enters the body after 13-17 days, the initial symptoms of chickenpox develop . In children, the body temperature rises to 38 degrees, there is a headache, weakness. On the head under the scalp and face there is a rash. It can cover the entire body.

Eruptions first represent pinkish spots. In their place for a short period of time, papules and blisters with transparent contents appear. After a couple of days they burst or dry up. Dark brown crusts begin to form on the body. Sick children at this time complain of itching. After 1-3 weeks, crusts fall off. In their place, there are no scars left on the skin.

Treatment and prevention of chickenpox

Children with chicken pox do not need specific treatment. Parents only need to observe them and perform the following actions:

• When itching appears, cut nails in children to prevent combing;
• Bubbles lubricate 1-2% solution of potassium permanganate or 1% alcoholic solution of brilliant green;
• Give antibiotics if they were prescribed by a doctor to eliminate the arising bacterial complications.

Specific prevention of the disease consists in the introduction of Vericella-Zoster - immunoglobulin (VZIg). It is administered to susceptible children with a high risk of chicken pox. There is also nonspecific prevention. It consists of isolation of the patient, regular airing of the premises and conducting wet cleaning.

What is measles and how is it manifested

Measles are included in the list of childhood diseases. This is an infectious disease, characterized by fever, catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, upper respiratory tract and nasopharynx and spotted-papular rash. Pathogen of measles is an RNA-containing virus from the family of paramyxoviruses. It is passed from sick children to healthy through the air environment. The incubation period lasts from 8 to 17 days.

For measles belonging to such a group as dangerous diseases in children, 4 periods are typical. The first of these is called the initial one. Its duration is from 3 to 4 days. At this time sick children begin to be capricious. They become sluggish, inactive. They have decreased appetite, worse sleep. The temperature rises to 38-39 degrees. In some cases, there are pain in the abdomen and loose stools. To diagnose "measles" it is possible on the spots of Belsky-Filatov-Koplik. They arise opposite the molar small teeth on the inflamed mucous membrane of the cheeks a couple of days before the end of the initial period.

On the 4th or 5th day of measles in sick children, the period of rashes begins. In the first day affects the scalp, neck, skin behind the ears. The next day of the disease is characterized by the appearance of rashes on the arms and trunk. On the third day, the rash can already be seen on the lower limbs.

The next stage in the development of the disease is the period of pigmentation. Rashes become dull, they become light brown. They fade on the face, trunk, limbs. The patient's general condition improves, the body temperature returns to normal. On the skin, bran-like peeling becomes noticeable. It is observed throughout the week. The period of convalescence is characterized by prolonged asthenia (increased fatigue and unstable mood) and anergy (decreased immunity).

Treatment and prevention of measles

Measles in children, symptoms and treatment, prevention is an important topic, because the disease is dangerous. It can lead to death during severe illness. There is no specific treatment for the disease. Only therapy is prescribed to eliminate symptoms:

• To reduce pain and fever doctors prescribe "Paracetamol" or "Ibuprofen";
• To facilitate the inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract - mucolytics, expectorants;
• To remove the itching - powder "Delaxin", necessary for everyday rinsing of the body and washing;
• To eliminate pneumonia and bacterial complications - antibiotics.

Prophylaxis of measles is the introduction of a vaccine. The first vaccine is put in 12-15 months. Revaccination is performed at 6 years and 11 years (in the absence of vaccination at 6 years). These preventive measures are called specific. Nonspecific prevention is the early isolation of a sick child.

The list of childhood diseases includes not only the diseases examined. There are other ailments. Practically all diseases can save the child due to preventive measures. If you have suspicious symptoms, you should immediately contact your doctor.