Kazakhstan: the economy. Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

In the heart of Asia is a large state called Kazakhstan. The economy of this country is characterized by an agrarian and industrial structure and a powerful sector of the mining industry. In terms of its overall potential, it is the largest in the Central Asian region.

The modern market economy of Kazakhstan - what is it? And what are its prospects for the near future? Let's try to figure this out.

Kazakhstan: the economy of the republic (general overview)

Kazakhstan is an agrarian-industrial country. In terms of GDP per capita ($ 11,000), it ranks 54th in the global ranking. The growth of the economy of Kazakhstan is mainly due to the extraction of minerals, that is, the country is characterized by the raw material orientation of industry.

The official currency of Kazakhstan is tenge (since November 1993). The name comes from the Turkic "dengue" - so in the Middle Ages small Turkic coins of silver were called. By the way, it was this name that moved to the Russian language - in the form of the well-known word "money".

The main branches of the Kazakh industry are mining, metallurgy (both black and color), tractor construction, and the production of structural materials.

Russia, China, USA, Germany are the main trade partners of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The economy of this country is focused on extraction and export of mineral raw materials. In these countries, mainly coal, refined copper, ferroalloys, oil and gas are supplied from Kazakhstan.

Despite this, in industrial production no more than 16% of the total population of the country is employed. Another 24% work in agriculture and forestry, and most of Kazakhstan's residents (about 60%) are involved in the so-called "tertiary" sector of the economy (services and information).

Industry and Energy

The country has a very developed metallurgy, both black and colored. The national economy of Kazakhstan depends very much on the stable operation of metallurgical enterprises. According to the iron ore reserves, the country is in the first world top ten.

Various types of rolled products are produced at the Arcelor Mittal Temirtau Combine in Karaganda. Previously, this combine of the full cycle was the flagship of the Soviet iron and steel industry. Kazakhstan is also the world's largest producer of refined copper.

The machine-building complex is also highly developed in the country . Kazakhstan produces high-quality press machines, machine tools, batteries, as well as X-ray equipment. The main centers of engineering are the cities of Aktobe, Shymkent and Astana.

The country's energy industry is supplied by 40 power plants (37 of them are thermal power plants and 3 hydroelectric power stations). All thermal power plants operate on the coal mined.

Agriculture

Equally important for the economy of Kazakhstan is agriculture.

Leading in this sector of the economy is the production of cereals, namely, the cultivation of spring wheat. About 15-20 million tons of grain are produced annually by Kazakhstan. Large areas of land (arable land) also occupy corn and oats. The breeding of sheep, horses, and also camels is very developed in the country.

International trade

The economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is tied for the export of such resources and products as oil, oil products, iron ore, non-ferrous metals and grain. At the same time, the country actively imports cars, various appliances and equipment, food products. The main item in the state export structure belongs to the products of the oil industry (about 38%).

In foreign trade, about 60% of both exports and imports are accounted for by the CIS and Baltic States. At the same time, it should be noted that Russia is the main trading partner of the country. Also, Kazakhstan actively develops and maintains trade relations with China, Germany, Ukraine, Turkey, the Czech Republic, the USA, Byelorussia, South Korea and other countries.

Economic zoning of the country

The Republic of Kazakhstan is conditionally divided into five economic regions, each of which has its own specialization. These are such as:

1. Northern.
2. Southern.
3. Central.
4. West.
5. Oriental.

At the same time, the Western economic region specializes in oil and gas production, Eastern and Central - in engineering, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, North - on coal mining, iron ore, electricity and construction materials.

In the southern economic region, developed agriculture, fisheries and forestry. Here rice, wheat, cotton, vegetables, fruits and grapes are actively grown; Sheep and horse breeding are developed. In the deserts of southern Kazakhstan, camels are also bred.

Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

All processes in the country's economy are regulated and coordinated by the government. More precisely, this function falls on the shoulders of one of its organs. This is the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. However, for today this body has absolutely other name: "the Ministry of Economics and budgetary planning". The name that existed before that was officially abolished in August 2014.

The ministry, headed by Erbolat Dosayev, coordinates the development of all directions of the state economic policy. The main mission of this body is to form an effective management system that could realize the tasks set by the state. The Ministry also controls the development of trade processes and the country's relations with foreign partners.

Economy of Kazakhstan: prospects for the near future

The development of the economy of Kazakhstan in the near future risks facing serious difficulties. The cause of the crisis, oddly enough, may be events that occur far from the state borders of the republic, namely, the conflict in Ukraine.

Many experts predict that the war in the Donbass, as well as the situation with the Crimea, will affect the economy of Kazakhstan - a country that has close ties with Russia. The economic sanctions imposed by the West on the Russian Federation will somehow affect Kazakhstan. True, with some inertial delay.

Specialists in the field of national economy predict that Kazakhstan will feel the first consequences of all these processes in the middle of 2015. So, the revenues to the state budget of the country will significantly decrease, which will certainly affect the well-being of the people of Kazakhstan. The accession to the WTO can help cope with the crisis. This, according to experts, will help reduce prices for certain groups of goods.

Instead of concluding

The most powerful - by industrial potential - country in Central Asia is Kazakhstan. The economy of this state is based mainly on the extraction and primary processing of minerals. And this fact can hardly be called positive for the long-term development prospects of the country.

Economic and trade-financial policies of the state are managed by the Ministry of Economy of Kazakhstan. One of the tasks of this body of state administration, in particular, is the strategic planning of the development of the system of the national economy of the republic as a whole.