How to make a text plan: a super-cheat sheet on Russian

At Russian lessons, very little time is spent on how to draft a text. And in vain, because this is a really useful skill that will come in handy not only when writing essays and essays, but also on other subjects. A well-designed plan will help to refresh the memory of key moments and logical connections, better understand the material.

Definition

The plan is a list of basic thoughts that reveal the content of the text, the sequence of facts and the logical connections between them. Simply put, these are short notes, looking at which, you can easily restore the text in memory, and ideally - to retell, without confusing anything. The plan is often called the "skeleton" of the work - what remains if you remove all unnecessary details, details and artistic techniques.

Types of the plan

So, our task is to convey the essence of the text. However, it is possible to write down key ideas in different ways: in one's own words or with the help of quotations, one-syllable or more detailed. In view of this, it is customary to distinguish 5 types of the text plan.

Speaking about how to make a plan of the text, you first need to determine its form. For an oral recount, for example, abstracts and support schemes are more suitable, and for writing or analysis one can safely use questions.

Simple and complex plans

The next question that needs to be asked is how important are the details? If they can be omitted, and the essence of the material can be conveyed in your own words, you can limit yourself to a simple plan of 3-5 points.

And how to make a plan of the text, in order to recreate the full picture, as much as possible to reveal the plot and all the nuances? In this case, each of the main blocks should be further subdivided into 3-4 sub-items. Here's how it looks:

Learning to make a plan of the text with the example of a fairy tale

In fact, the most difficult thing is to learn how to break an entire story into semantic blocks. How to make a plan of the text? Let's analyze this process using the example of the fairy tale "The Ugly Duckling" by G. Kh. Andersen.

1. Carefully read the material.

2. Select and briefly write down the main idea of the work.

Example:

"Everyone laughed and mocked the ugly duckling, but he stood all the trials and turned into a beautiful swan, leaving them behind."

3. Divide the text into logical blocks. It is most convenient to note their borders with a pencil.

4. Re-read the first part and highlight the key events / facts / thoughts. Try to convey the essence of one sentence.

Example:

"A young duck hatching eggs." Together with the ducklings, a huge ugly chick hatchs. "

5. Analyze and title each semantic section of the text in the same way.

Examples:

• "Family and other birds scoff at not like a duckling."
• "Escape from the yard and life in the swamp." Familiarity with wild ducks and geese. "
• "Meeting with hunters", etc.

6. Write out all theses in a column and reread. Make sure that the plan accurately conveys the content of the text, and you did not miss an episode.

To understand how to make a plan of the text is not difficult. But in order to learn how to write them correctly, fit a maximum of information in short theses.

Analysis of the plan

The next moment, which you need to stop to understand how to make a plan of the text, are examples of the most common mistakes that students make. Be sure to review your work. What should I look for?

1. Informativeness . Points should not be too generalized (for example, just "Ugly duckling" will not tell you anything).
2. Length . Descriptions should not be too detailed - in the plan it is necessary to mention only those details which are necessary for understanding of subjects, ideas and logic of the text.
3. Proportionality . It is desirable that the items were the same. Too short is worth removing or merging with more deployed.
4. Structure . The plan must be attended by entry and conclusion.
5. Consistency . Each item must logically follow from the previous one.
6. Formulations . They should not be repeated or layered in content into neighboring theses.
7. Logic . It is important that you plan give an idea of the cause-effect and other links between the blocks ("Because ... happened ..., which led to ...").

The best test is to give the plan to "rest" for a couple of days (or at least hours), and then, using only them, try to retell the text as closely as possible to the original.

Helpful Tips

Now that you know how to make a plan for the Russian language text, it's time to talk about small tricks that will help to cope with the task faster and better.

• To select the semantic blocks, focus on paragraphs - as a rule, each contains one complete thought.
• Highlight the bright images that you remember most, and try to use them in the headlines.
• Work on the design. For basic items, simple numbering (1, 2, 3) is usually used, and for subparagraphs - double (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) or letters (a, b, c).
• If you can not come up with a headline, look at what words / terms are used in this fragment most often and start from this.
• The draft version must be drafted at the first reading, when you follow the author's thought more carefully and notice the boundaries of thoughts.

Remember that a lot depends on what you are writing a plan for. On the control you can simply list the main topics that are revealed in the text. But if you do this for yourself, in order to better understand and remember the material, it is better not to be lazy and make a complex plan, noting important details.