How to conduct a morphological analysis of a word

Why do we need a morphological analysis? A question whose answer is not known to everyone. A child who has not yet learned to speak knows that all objects are somehow called, and our entire speech consists of words. The word is the syntactic unit of speech, and everything in the world is determined with the help of it.

What is morphological analysis

In our language (and in others) the words are studied in different aspects. Starting from school, children learn that all words are classified into groups (parts of speech). The section of linguistics that studies words from the standpoint of parts of speech is called morphology. Accordingly, the morphological analysis of a word characterizes it from the position of the part of the speech to which it belongs.

The division of words into parts of speech occurs by combining them into groups that have common characteristic features. These signs are not the same, and to determine them, we need to perform a morphological analysis of the word.

Despite the fact that morphological analysis is a rather difficult task, one can not do without it. This is a very important stage of the lesson for both the student and the teacher. First of all, we must learn to determine the belonging of a word to any part of speech and then, by morphological analysis of the word, give a specific characteristic.

Words are divided into official and independent. Each group has its own characteristics and each is viewed from the point of view of morphology. For example, the morphological analysis of the word "foliage" indicates all its signs as a noun. Also the words of other parts of speech. There is a general order of morphological analysis for words of different groups. Proceeding from it, with the morphological analysis of any part of speech the following signs are indicated: 1. The word as part of speech; 2. The general meaning of this part; 3. Initial or indefinite form of the word; 4. Signs are permanent and unstable; 5. Role in the sentence from the position of the syntax.

Sample parsing

And now let's take a closer look at the morphological analysis of the word (noun), which is conducted according to a specific scheme.

1. The initial form is determined. The word is written in the form in which it is given in the text, and only then its initial form is indicated. Nouns are the only number, case is nominative. If the noun refers only to the plural, the initial form will naturally be in the plural.
2. The next stage is the indication of morphological features, which are permanent and unstable. The constant signs of a noun are: its meaning (own or nominal, specific or collective), gender, number (for nouns that refer only to the singular or plural), animate / inanimate, type of declension. Unstable attributes of a noun are a definition of case and number (for nouns that do not refer to a specific number).
3. And the final stage of parsing is the definition of the syntactic affiliation of the noun. In other words, what kind of sentence is the word under consideration.

As already mentioned above, the morphological analysis of the word has a general scheme for all parts of speech. Only the signs are different. Therefore, parsing the name of the adjective will look a little different. Thus, performing the morphological analysis of the word adjective, its initial form is also indicated. The word must be put in the singular, the nominative, the masculine gender. Further, again, permanent and non-permanent signs. Permanent signs in adjectives include ranks (the meaning of quality, relationship, affiliation), to non-permanent - the degree of comparison, the full or short form, number, gender, case. And the third stage of parsing is syntactic (which term is the word in the sentence).