How is chickenpox transmitted through third parties? Ways of transmission of chickenpox. Chickenpox temperature

With chicken pox, every child may encounter, because the disease is characterized by a high degree of infectiousness. Each mother, concerned about her baby's condition, asks: how through third parties is chickenpox transmitted to children?

What is chickenpox?

Chicken pox is considered one of the most famous diseases in childhood. It is caused by a virus that belongs to the herpes group, namely the third type of herpes virus. In the adult population, such a virus provokes a disease called shingles.

The susceptibility of a person who had not previously had chickenpox is 90-100%.

For infection, enough to stay with a sick child nearby for 5-10 minutes. The virus has a high mobility, which helps it to overcome a distance of at least 20 meters.

Ways of transmission of chickenpox

How through third parties is chickenpox transmitted? The disease can be transmitted from sick adults and children to healthy in the following ways:

• Air-drip. The most known way of transmission of the disease. In this case, the virus, when sneezing and coughing, is transmitted by a sick child, who at that moment does not have any external signs of the disease, healthy. The baby is considered contagious during the entire period of the rash and in the next five days after the onset of the last bubble on the skin.
• Contact. This method of transmission of infection is considered very rare, because in this case, human infection occurs when contact with the contents of the patient's vials, which contain many viruses.
• Intrauterine. During pregnancy, the fetus can get infected from a mother who has not been sick before the illness and has not been vaccinated. If a woman falls ill in the early stages of pregnancy, then a future child may experience serious developmental abnormalities. When the virus enters the body of a future mother after the 12th week of pregnancy, the baby can have congenital chickenpox, which appears immediately after birth and is difficult to tolerate the newborn. When a child becomes infected before giving birth, the mother's antibodies do not have time to transmit to him and congenital chickenpox arises.

Concerned mothers ask the question: is it possible to catch chickenpox through a third party? The famous pediatrician, Dr. Komarovsky, says that it is impossible to get infected through a third person. Infection occurs directly from the patient to the healthy.

At what age does the disease most often occur?

Most often, the disease is diagnosed in children older than 2 years and younger than 8-10 years. The most sensitive to the virus babies 4-5 years.

In newborns up to 6 months, this disease does not occur, because at birth they received antibodies against chickenpox from a sick mother. In rare cases, the disease can manifest in the baby, if the mother herself did not suffer from chicken pox and did not give him her antibodies.

How through third parties is chickenpox transmitted? Infants older than six months due to a decrease in the number of antibodies can become infected only when they are in contact with a sick person. At this age, the disease is quite easy.

Stages of chickenpox

The period of chickenpox infectiousness? When in contact with a sick child, the disease goes through several stages:

• During the incubation period, the virus multiplies and accumulates in the mucous membranes. At this time, there are no symptoms of the disease. The duration of this period may be 21 days, but in some cases the disease occurs within two weeks.
• In the prodromal period , the virus enters the bloodstream, which is manifested by some symptoms, but it is not yet possible to diagnose chickenpox.
• During the rash, skin rashes appear on the patient's skin, which are characteristic of chicken pox.
• During the recovery period, antibodies are formed to the disease and new rashes cease to occur.

How is chickenpox transmitted through third parties?

The virus of chickenpox is characterized by low resistance. When it is outside the human body, the virus dies instantly. Its viability can persist for a quarter of an hour on objects indoors and outdoors. The virus dies from the sun, from temperature drops and disinfectant solutions.

Therefore, when mothers worry about the health of the baby, they ask: can I catch chickenpox through a third person? Pediatricians always respond: it is impossible to get infected through third parties in this disease.

Symptoms of chickenpox

Usually chicken pox begins just like any cold disease:

• headache;
• lack of appetite;
• a sore throat;
• Aching muscles of the limbs;
• Capriciousness and irritability;
• Enlargement of lymph nodes.

The temperature of chickenpox can range from 37-38 degrees, in rare cases reaches 39 degrees. The occurrence of temperature is associated with the severity of the course of the disease.

The most obvious manifestation of chickenpox can be considered rashes. This disease does not occur without rashes.

Usually a rash occurs with the onset of high fever. First it appears on the trunk, and then spreads to the lower and upper limbs, the head. Another rash may be in the mouth and on the genitals. Pimples with chickenpox bring to children a strong itch.

First the rash is small red spots, then they become like insect bites (papules). After a certain period, the skin begins to separate and a clear liquid appears in the middle. As a result, vesicles occur on the site of the papules.

Content that is in the vesicles gradually becomes turbid, the bubbles burst and crusts appear on them. If the child does not comb them, the acne will heal completely without consequences. Simultaneously with the drying of the rash, new specks are formed, and then vesicles. The temperature of chickenpox reappears when new vesicles appear.

Complications of chicken pox

Chickenpox can take place in severe form, complicated by the following diseases:

• Pneumonia;
• Skin infection from, by combing the blisters;
• Stomatitis;
• Otitis media;
• Encephalitis;
• Hepatitis;
• Inflammatory diseases of the joints, muscles, etc.

Duration of the disease

The period of chickenpox infectiousness? How much time the child will be sick is impossible to establish. In many ways it depends on the characteristics of the child's body. The prodromal period can be from 1-2 days, and sometimes the rash occurs together with the deterioration of the condition.

The period when the rashes appear can last from 2-9 days. Usually vesicles do not appear after 5-9 days from the onset of the first symptoms of chickenpox.

The time when the skin heals after the formation of crusts on all bubbles can last 1-2 weeks. If the disease proceeds in mild form, it can last 7-8 days, and in case of complication - several weeks.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of chicken pox is made by a doctor based on patient complaints, the appearance of a rash and temperature. In some cases, chickenpox is difficult to distinguish from allergies, herpes, measles, because similar manifestations in the form of rashes, temperature and other symptoms.

In this case, the blood test will help determine the disease accurately.

Treatment of chickenpox

Treatment of chickenpox includes the following rules:

• In most cases, the disease in children is treated without the use of antiviral drugs. Only drugs used to get rid of the symptoms of the disease are used. In case of bacterial complication, antibiotics can be prescribed.
• To reduce the risk of chickenpox in adults, they are isolated from diseased babies. It is especially necessary for pregnant women, people with chronic diseases.
• At high temperature, babies are shown bed rest, if it does not go up in bed unnecessarily.
• Nutrition with chickenpox should consist of products that are easily digested (soups, sour-milk products, steamed meat dishes, vegetables). Although the disease in a special diet is not necessary to comply, but it is better to exclude: fried, hot, smoked. When food bubbles arise in the mouth, the food should be eaten in a puree.
• When chickenpox a child should drink more liquid (mors, light tea, moderately sweet compote, water).
• To reduce the temperature, the child should be given medications (Paracetamol, Ibuprofen), the doses of which should be agreed with the doctor.
• To reduce nervous excitability and irritability, the child can be prescribed such drugs: Notta, Nervochel.
• To reduce the itching and to prevent infection of the skin, it is necessary to process it with Brilliant green and Fukortzin.
• In the case when the rash itches and worries the child, the specialist can prescribe antihistamines: Suprastin, Zodak, Claritin.
• To quickly heal the blisters, you can use tea tree oil.
• It is necessary to pay attention to the temperature in the child's room. It is best that the room is not hot and the baby was dressed in spacious clothes made of natural fabrics.
• It is necessary to urgently seek medical help if it is impossible to knock down the heat and the child has symptoms of complications (vomiting, coughing, convulsions, photophobia).
• Although the child is not contagious within 5 days after the appearance on the skin of the last rash, do not appear with him in crowded places. The surrounding people may have questions: What is the period of infection with chickenpox? And is it possible for a toddler to be in society?

During the illness, parents should tell the child about what happens to him in an interesting and understandable form.

Methods of prevention

What to do in order not to get chickenpox? It is well known that chicken pox is a very contagious disease and the main protection from it is vaccination. For life, immunity does not arise. When the vaccine is given no later than 72 hours after contact with the patient, then there is guaranteed protection against the virus for a while.

If the vaccination is not performed on time:

• It is necessary to isolate the patient for the period of illness from healthy people for the entire period of infectiousness.
• How through third parties is chickenpox transmitted? It is well known that the chickenpox virus is not persistent and can not be transmitted in this way, but some mothers, for the purpose of prevention, erase the patient's belongings separately from the clothes of other members of the family.
• Providing the patient with separate utensils, linen and other hygiene items.
• Use gauze dressings on the face.
• You should always conduct a wet cleaning of the room in which the patient is.

Despite the fact that chickenpox is a contagious disease, so as not to get sick it is worth using the whole complex of preventive measures, and it is better to get vaccinated.