How did Yury Osipovich Dombrovsky live and what did he write about? Biography and creativity of the writer and poet

Dombrovsky Yuri Osipovich - a famous Russian writer and poet, who lived in the 20 century. His fate was not an easy one, as well as many artists of the word, the work of which falls on Soviet times. Dombrovsky Yuri Osipovich left us works that make us think a lot. The article provides a brief overview of his life and work.

Origin, arrests and their reflection in the work

Yuri Osipovich was born in Moscow on April 29, 1909 in the family of a lawyer. He graduated from higher literary courses in 1932, then was arrested, and then sent to exile in Alma-Ata. Dombrovsky Yuri Osipovich worked as art critic, archaeologist, journalist, teacher. In 1936 he was again arrested, but released in a few months. This arrest served as the basis for the novel The Curator of Antiquities, created in 1964, as well as the novel The Faculty of Unnecessary Things published in 1978. In these works, the writer retained the real names of the investigators in his case, Khripushin and Myachin.

Life in camps and new works

In 1938 Dombrovsky Yuri Osipovich published his new novel, Derzhavin. A year later he was arrested again. The writer was sent to the Kolyma camps. He returned from there to Alma-Ata only in 1943 already a sick man. In the winter of 1943, Dombrovsky, while in hospital, began writing a novel called "The Monkey Comes after his Skull." The work was published in 1959. In 1946, Yuri Osipovich began to write a series of novels dedicated to Shakespeare. It was published in 1969 ("The Swarthy Lady").

The authorities did not stop pursuing Dombrowski. The writer was again arrested in 1949. He had to spend another 6 years in prison. In these years he was in the Far North, as well as in Tashkent Dombrovsky Yuri Osipovich. His biography was marked by rehabilitation in 1956, when he was allowed to return to Moscow.

A novel about the occupation

The works of Yuri Osipovich are permeated with the ideals of humanism. "The monkey comes after his skull" - a novel, whose action takes place in one Western European state, which is occupied by the fascists. Dombrovsky created in this work a collective image of Europeans who are fighting against totalitarianism. This gave grounds for critics to believe that the novel depicts totalitarianism in our country, and not European fascism. Such parallels are indeed obvious. However, the heroes of the novel are all the same intellectuals from Europe, who were brought up in humanistic traditions. Professor Mesonier is the protagonist of the work. Before him there is a choice between spiritual and physical suicide. By killing, this hero becomes the winner in his struggle. Professor Lane, an associate of the Mezonie, is his antipode. He goes on a compromise for the sake of survival.

The Dombrovsky Dilogy

The main theme of the dilogy, the first part of which is "The Guardian of Antiquities", and the second - "Faculty of unnecessary things", is freedom of the spirit. In the first work, the historicity of the consciousness of the hero depicted by Dombrovsky is opposed to despotism. This is the nameless keeper of the museum of the city of Alma-Ata, antiquities for which are part of human history, and not dead values. The author shows that inhuman ideology proves impotent in front of the powerful, tangible diversity of the world that Dombrovsky described with its inherent stylistic plasticity.

"Faculty of unnecessary things" - this is a novel that is a continuation of the first part of the dilogy. The protagonist of the work sits in prison, he has to survive betrayal. However, the freedom of the spirit is, in the end, stronger than tyranny.

"Notes of the little hooligan"

"Notes of a petty hooligan" - published in 1990, the novel Dombrovsky. He is permeated with a sharp sense of justice. Yuri Osipovich tells readers about how he was convicted on charges of petty hooliganism for standing up for a woman who was beaten. In the court saw the triumph of absurdity and senselessness Dombrovsky Yuri Osipovich, whose works do not by chance remain relevant in our time. The crown of absurdity and senselessness depicted in the novel was the condemnation of the deaf-mute for "obscene language".

Lyrics

It should be noted that Dombrowski is not only a writer, but also a poet. During his lifetime, only one of his poems was published. This is the "Stone Ax", published in 1939. However, the author of other interesting poems is the poet Dombrovsky Yuri Osipovich. His biography was marked by the creation of the poem "Utilsyrje" in 1959. This work describes the meeting of Yuri Osipovich with his former investigator, which occurred in the market of the city of Alma-Ata. It makes the poet bitterly think about the lack of justice in our world, in which the fate of the executioners and their victims are closely linked. Yuri Osipovich's lyrics, it should be noted, is not rhymed journalism. Dombrovsky strove for a poetic transformation of the real events that occurred in his life.

"Swarthy Lady"

"Swarthy Lady" - the title, which combines three novels dedicated to Shakespeare. The object of attention of Yuri Osipovich in these works is the psychology of the artist. Dombrovsky traces how he changed with the years, how, fast and ardent in his youth, he was wise, matured, husband. His enthusiasm was gradually replaced by caution, disappointment, and diligence. In the end, everything was replaced by terrible fatigue.

Doubrovsky Yuri Osipovich passed a very difficult life. His brief biography ends on May 29, 1978, when the writer died in Moscow.