Endometrial hyperplasia: consequences, causes

Hyperplasia of the endometrium is a disease of the uterus, which is accompanied by a change in its mucosa. In this case, the endometrium is overgrown and becomes much thicker than normal.

In general, with hyperplasia, the number of cells of an organ or tissue increases. As a result, their volume increases. The basis of this disease is the emergence of new structures and enhanced cellular reproduction.

Endometrial hyperplasia can be of the following types:

• Polyps of the endometrium ;

• Adenomatosis (atypical);

• Glandular-cystic;

• Glandular.

They differ in the histological picture of mucosal areas obtained by scraping.

Hyperplasia of the endometrium, the causes of which are hormonal disorders, accompanied by a deficiency of progesterone and excess estrogen, can provoke endometrial cancer, infertility and other diseases. In the high-risk group are women with arterial hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus.

Hyperplasia of the endometrium is sometimes combined with genital endometriosis, uterine myoma, chronic inflammation. This disease can be asymptomatic. Quite often it is found when examining a woman about infertility.

However, the main symptom of endometrial hyperplasia is uterine bleeding and spotting. They can occur with a regular cycle, but more often after a delay. With severe bleeding, signs of anemia appear: decreased appetite, dizziness, weakness.

For the diagnosis of hyperplasia, a hormonal examination is used, ultrasound of the uterus, in which the thickness of the endometrium is necessarily determined . But the most informative method is the histology of scraping of the mucous uterus, which is performed on the eve of menstruation.

It allows one to determine simple endometrial hyperplasia or atypical hyperplasia. In addition, histological examination can detect a malignant process.

Hyperplasia of the endometrium can be treated conservatively and promptly. The choice of method depends on the severity of the disease, its shape, the age of the patient, the available contraindications and concomitant diseases. Quite often an integrated approach is used - the use of both methods.

Conservative treatment is hormonotherapy, which consists of taking pills, injections, using patches, Mirena Navy. In surgical intervention under the control of hysteroscopy, scraping is performed, ablation is the removal of the endometrium layer.

Manipulation is carried out under anesthesia. In a hospital it is necessary to spend one day. In particularly severe cases, the patient may lose the uterus.

One of the most preferred surgical methods is hysteroresectoscopic ablation. It is performed during the perimenopause. During the manipulation, the endometrial layer is cut under the control of the eye.

The removed material is further investigated to exclude the malignant process. The effectiveness of this operation is more than 90%. Often doctors combine ablation with subsequent low-dose maintenance hormone therapy.

Prophylaxis of endometrial hyperplasia is the following:

• Combating obesity;

• Timely treatment of hormonal disorders;

• Reducing the number of stresses to a minimum;

• Regular visits to the gynecologist with ultrasound results;

• Taking hormonal medications on the recommendation of a doctor;

• Timely access to a specialist for bleeding or uterine bleeding.

So, endometrial hyperplasia is a serious disease that can lead to uterine cancer and infertility. When there are uterine bleeding and spotting discharges, it is necessary to consult a doctor. Identify an asymptomatically occurring disease will help regular visits to a gynecologist with ultrasound results.