Economics: science and economy (11th grade). Examples of economics as a science and economy

The word "economy" is of ancient Greek origin. It combines two different words: "law" and "economy." With the literal translation of the concept of "economy" it is necessary to talk about the economy, which is conducted in full accordance with the norms, rules, laws.

Pages of History

In ancient Greece, the economy was meant in kind - this was the real economy. Science and economy in those days were aimed only at the development of personal economics. If we analyze the definition of the word "economy" in its original interpretation, it was explained as "the art of housekeeping".

Modern interpretation of the economy

More than two millennia have passed since the appearance of the word "economy". Science and economy during this time have changed significantly. Now a slightly different meaning is put into this concept. So what is the economy? Science and economy in a broad sense. That is the sum of all things, means, objects of the spiritual and material world that people use to ensure decent living conditions, as well as full satisfaction of all needs. In this context, the economy is a science and economy in the aggregate, used by a person to improve living conditions and create a life support system.

In addition, it can also be presented as a separate economic discipline relating to the activities of people who are associated with it. Examples of economics as a science and economy Confirm the importance of this sphere for maintaining normal relations between all participants of social life in the process of management. Therefore, the importance of this discipline can not be overemphasized - the activities of modern people are closely related to it.

Terminology

Economics - science and economy at the same time or can you separate these concepts? In the English-language literature there are just two words: "economics" and "economics." The first assumes a theory, and the second concept characterizes the natural manifestation of the economy. Thanks to this division, scientists managed to make clear the understanding of the theoretical foundations of the economy. In addition to the objective perception of it as a specific economic system and the totality of information about this system, some theorists give this concept another meaning. According to him, the economy is characterized in the form of relationships that arise between people because of production processes, consumption of goods, exchange, distribution of products.

Economy in modern school

The science of managing people, as well as the relationships established in the process, are all an economy (science and economy). 11 class is studying such concepts in a separate lesson. The children not only offer theoretical bases of the world and domestic economy, but also teach them to be thrifty, to correctly allocate monetary resources. All this information is able to convey to students such discipline as "Economics: Science and Economy". The brief content of the course includes several main sections at once: special attention is paid to the household, the formation of skills to distribute incomes for payment of public services, purchase of money and clothes, training, rest. Without the possession of such skills, the graduate of the school will find it difficult to adapt in the modern society. Thus, the course "Economics: science and economy" (11 class) is aimed at the formation in school students of an adequate perception of issues related to material resources.

Government

To understand the essence of this discipline, it is necessary to consider the issue comprehensively. Despite the fact that there is a "home" economy (science and economy), the most important thing is to understand all these processes on a national scale. This definition includes a sphere consisting of material production. For example, it can include agriculture, industry, transport, construction. The non-production sphere is also referred to the state jurisdiction , namely the activity of people, thanks to which spiritual goods and information resources are created. For example, health, art, culture, and education are considered to be such a sphere.

All economic activity on a national scale is aimed at the creation of goods, their redistribution, consumption and exchange. Such a circle of relationships between people is studied by the school economy. Science and economics are briefly considered in high school. This academic discipline is taught once a week at a basic level and in an amount of 2-3 hours for profile training. The subject answers questions: "for whom?", "How?", "What?". Schoolchildren receive detailed information on methods of managing with limited resources, organizing their own household, rational use of natural resources.

Business Unit

This science is divided into a macro, micro and global economy, affecting more global processes. Micro- represents the area of those economic relations that are associated with individual services and producers, the formation of the economy by the example of individual companies and small firms. It implies the presence of ordinary consumers, landowners, workers, households (families), enterprises (firms).

The Purpose of Microeconomics

Microeconomics is a division of economic science, which studies the activities of various actors in the economic sphere. It is she who helps consumers to understand the products and services offered by manufacturers, to make the right choice. This section devotes considerable attention to the problem of optimal behavior of individual companies in the modern market with a view to reducing material costs and obtaining substantial financial benefits.

The peculiarity of macroeconomics

What is the course "Economics: Science and Economy"? The table, which presents its main elements, introduces the guys to the basic terms.

For example, high school students learn about the characteristics of macroeconomics. It is part of an economy that encompasses processes that take place on a global scale. The national economy is viewed as a single whole. As a material foundation for macroeconomics is the national wealth created by the hands of many generations. That is why the economy is science and economy. Theory and practice presuppose the consideration of such topical and important issues for each state as inflation, economic ups and downs, unemployment, and the state budget. Experts are trying to find ways to solve problems that the state is facing. For example, how to reduce unemployment, how to accelerate economic growth, reduce the gap between our country and European powers.

Problems of modern economy

Russian economists are primarily concerned with the search for ways to increase the efficiency of the domestic economy, structural changes in the national economy of the state, search for options for changing the raw material profile of Russia, increasing production of high-quality goods and services.

Economics is a special world filled with its own laws and connections. There are a lot of contradictions in it, but it directly depends on the material well-being of citizens, the opportunity to attend exhibitions, teach children, get acquainted with general cultural values. With the proper organization of the economy, leisure and work activities will be organized optimally and rationally. It should be noted that not all economic activities can be considered economic. For example, in the Ancient World and the Middle Ages, there was coercion for the labor of slaves and serfs. Was it possible to talk about the option of management, as an economic one? Of course, no. Only an enterprise based on the independence and freedom of the producer of products, the right to independently "deduce" the result of their activities to the market, determine the price on it, will be deemed to be truly involved in the economic process. That is, there must be aspects that imply the existence of exchange and developed trade.

Conclusion

Many modern economists speak of a "gradual" development of the economy. At the first stage, ordinary household production develops. The second stage is characterized by the formation of the economy, as a result of which a certain producer appears, the development of exchange and trade takes place. The third stage is a developed market economy. Such an approach is fully explainable and justified, since it allows one to distinguish violent coercion from carrying out economic activities (work from the "stick"), lack of independence, not the initiative of employees, or an economy that exists on the principles of consumer freedom and a producer that presupposes Choice.

What is the role of economic activity in the life of modern society? Skeptics believe that it has far from being the most important function, note the priority of spirituality, cultural development over material goods and needs. But there are those who are convinced of the importance of economic processes. Their position is motivated by the fact that to study cultural monuments a person needs to have a good roof over his head, warm, dress, eat. If the economy is developed at a certain level, optimal conditions for human life are created and he can find time for intellectual activity. For the formation of the state, continuous improvement of technologies and tools is necessary. Only in this case, spiritual values will come to the fore, because a person will not need to spend time searching for opportunities to meet material needs. The formation of economic culture in the modern generation is an important task, therefore, in general schools there is an economy course (in the 10-11 class).