Dialysis - is that for the procedure, how is it conducted? What drugs are needed for dialysis of the kidneys?

Dialysis of the kidneys is a method of treatment, in which the blood is purified, and from the body all the toxic components that appear during the metabolism are removed. Such therapy should be used if the functions of this organ of the urinary system are lost by 85%. Today we will consider what kinds of dialysis happen, what each of them is. Also find out what preparations are needed for this procedure and whether there are any contraindications to its conduct.

Explanation of the concept

Dialysis is a procedure that replaces the work of the kidneys, if they do not perform their functions. The main purpose of this body is this: it helps to remove toxins from the blood, and also helps maintain a necessary level of salt balance in the body. Dialysis of kidneys is an event that can be used for a short time, or, perhaps, it is necessary to spend it for the rest of your life, depending on the cause and complexity of the disease. As a result of the procedure, the products formed after metabolism and toxins are removed from the human body.

Consider the definition of the concept of "dialysis of proteins." This is a method of separating particles of different sizes in a liquid mixture with a thin membrane, the pores of which are too small to pass large grains (proteins), but at the same time they pass the dissolved crystalline substance. The liquefied mixture is separated from the water by means of this diffuser, small droplets pass through the barrier, and the large ones remain.

Types of dialysis of the kidneys

In modern medicine there are two technologies for purifying blood:

1. Hemodialysis . In this case, the connective tissue of the body is filtered through a system of percolating membranes of a special apparatus, which is connected to the circulatory system of the patient.
2. Perinatal dialysis , in which a solution is delivered through the abdominal cavity. Then this liquid composition after a while starts to be withdrawn. However, in order to penetrate this area of the human body, it is necessary to perform the operation to install the catheter.

Indications for dialysis

This procedure is recommended for use with the following ailments:

• Kidney failure;
• Poisoning with spirits, poisons;
• Drug overdose;
• Dangerous changes in the blood levels of electrolytes;
• Coma (hepatic, uremic);
• Excess water in the kidneys, while conventional therapy does not help, and the patient's life literally hangs in the balance.

The above conditions can lead to death without dialysis.

If the kidneys can not be restored, then this condition is called the terminal stage of renal failure (TPN). It is caused by some ailments, for example, diabetes, kidney cancer, drug use, high blood pressure. Although dialysis is not a panacea for TPN, it does help the patient feel better and live longer. Therefore, sometimes it is necessary to perform this procedure, in order to preserve not only health, but also life.

Features of hemodialysis

Carrying out of a dialysis by this technology means a finding of the patient in the conditions of a hospital. For this procedure, expensive equipment is needed, which can only be in medical institutions, the patient can not acquire it himself. Therefore, a person should always be near the hospital, so that if necessary, it is possible to perform blood purification immediately.

This procedure is carried out several times a week and lasts about 3-5 hours.

Peritoneal dialysis: what is it and how is it done?

This is the second type of blood purification, which is done under local anesthesia. Directly into the abdominal cavity the doctor enters a thin plastic catheter, through which the doctor passes from 1 to 2 liters of a solution of glucose, salt and other necessary minerals. The action of perinatal dialysis is based on the fact that the abdominal cavity inside is covered with a membrane that acts as a filter. The peritoneum retains larger particles of blood, skipping ahead only the liquid part with substances dissolved in it. This procedure is a surgical procedure . Dialysate - a solution injected into the cavity by the doctor together with the waste is removed through a catheter.

This kind of operation is often performed on an outpatient basis, and the results after it are excellent, if several exchanges (ie, cycles of administration and withdrawal of the drug) per day are performed.

Types of peritoneal dialysis

There are three types of this method of blood purification:

1. Continuous ambulatory method. Perinatal dialysis of this type is most common in medical practice, its implementation does not need to use a computer. The procedure should be carried out in a clean, well-lit place. During the operation, the solution passes from the plastic bag through the catheter into the abdomen. Diazolite remains there for several hours, after which it easily merges.

Advantages of this method of blood purification:

• The procedure can be performed at a convenient time;
• Therapy is carried out without assistance;
• Treatment can be carried out in many places;
• Do not need a computer.

2. Constant cyclic method. This type of peritoneal dialysis is similar to the first method, the only difference is that the device that connects to the catheter automatically fills and releases the solution from the stomach.

The advantage of this method of cleansing the blood is that the procedure can be performed at night, during sleep. But the downside is that without the help of an outsider can not do, and for this method you need a computer.

3. The discrete method. With this option, dialysis can be done at home, but usually it is still done in the hospital. Treatment with this method takes much longer than with cyclic and continuous methods, and this is its drawback.

Contraindications

Peritoneal dialysis can not be used in the following cases:

• If there are spikes in the abdominal cavity.
• With the proven low filtration characteristics of the serous membrane.
• If there is obesity, when the effectiveness of blood purification during dialysis is questioned.
• If there are purulent skin diseases in the abdominal wall area.
• If there are mental disorders, and the patient can not respond properly to the peritoneal dialysis session.
• If there are drains in the abdominal cavity.

Preparations for dialysis

1. Drugs that reduce blood clotting (a solution of "Heparin" and "Warfarin").
2. Drugs for the control of blood pressure (tablets "Atenolol", "Kapoten", "Kozaar", "Clonidine").
3. Antihistamines (ampoules "Dimedrol", dragées "Atarax");
4. Calcium supplements and multivitamins.
5. Medicines, which contain iron, necessary for the production of red blood cells (tablets "Epogen").
6. Medications that bind phosphorus to lower its blood level.
7. Diuretics to remove excess fluid from the body.
8. Laxatives for the prevention of constipation, which can occur as a result of a decrease in the amount of liquid drunk (Bisakodil tablets).

Prerequisites for the procedure

Dialysis of blood can be done in the following cases:

• If the urea indices will say that a person has developed a severe degree of renal failure.
• If the patient will follow a diet. The human diet should consist of a large amount of protein, but the amount of salt and liquid will need to be reduced. In addition, the doctor should recommend taking a certain amount of vitamins to the patient. The diet is needed in order to reduce the risk of thrombosis, anemia and various complications after the manipulations.

• If the patient has a desire to perform such an event as dialysis. This is a serious procedure, so the patient must be prepared morally for him. And if a person refuses it, then no one will conduct dialysis against his will.
• If there is a possibility of regular repetition of blood purification. Dialysis is a procedure that requires compliance with a schedule for a certain number of sessions. And if the plan is not respected, then there will be no effect.
• If the patient has the necessary funds, and the hospital has the appropriate medical equipment.

Dialysis: the cost of the procedure

Unfortunately, the cost of such an event for blood purification is too expensive for the average Russian, since one procedure should be given on average about 8,000 rubles. And what about those people who are prescribed dialysis for life? It turns out that there is a way out, since there are public hospitals financed from local budgets. And in this case the cost of dialysis will be much lower, or the procedure will be free of charge.

And if a person wants to undergo dialysis abroad, for example, in Israel or the US, he will have to shell out $ 200 to $ 250 for one session.

Now you know what dialysis is of kidneys and what are the types of blood purification operations. We also found that before deciding on a procedure, it is necessary to fulfill a number of conditions. But the cost of the operation depends on where to perform dialysis (in the public clinic or private), in which city or country it is done (abroad is much more expensive than in Russia), and also on the qualifications of doctors.