Diabetic nutrition and its main features

Diabetes develops when there is a shortage of the hormone insulin. There are two types of this disease: insulin-dependent and insulin-independent. In the presence of the first of these, the amount of the hormone produced by the pancreas decreases, which necessitates the use of an artificial analogue, along with the use of diet therapy.

The main treatment of the second type is compliance with the correct diet. The fact is that in the presence of this disease, the metabolism of carbohydrates is disrupted: glucose is absorbed by cells and tissues much worse.

Diabetic nutrition should be balanced (whatever the type of disease), but it has its own characteristics, based on the form of the disease. The fact is that in the presence of insulin-dependent diabetes, a diet is often the only form of combating the development of a disease.

But if the patient has a different form, then in the diet he must adhere to some requirements:

1. First of all, it is necessary to make sure that the menu for insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus contains the number of kilocalories that corresponds to the age, sex and nature of the patient's labor.
2. It is necessary to limit to a minimum or exclude completely foods containing sugar, as well as in less quantity to consume sweet berries, fruits and honey.
3. It should be ensured that the body receives a large number of elements containing dietary fiber.
4. Hours of food intake and distribution of carbohydrates during the day should be subject to the intake of insulin. There is a need at the same time.
5. Diabetic nutrition during the day should be divided into three main and three additional stages, the last of which should be produced at a time when insulin has the maximum effect on the body.

As for the diet for patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes, there are some differences. This is due to the fact that the patient does not take insulin. So, nutrition with diabetes of this form should be carried out according to diet number 9. Its application is justified when it is necessary to establish the endurance of the body to carbohydrates in order to choose the right pill or insulin (if necessary). There are cases when for some patients this diet remains constant, but for others it is only an intermediate stage. This diet is characterized by a low level of energy value, as well as restriction of fats (to a moderate amount of 70-80 g), which should be more of an animal origin. Therapeutic diet with diabetes in this case should contain about 300 g of carbohydrates, which is achieved by eliminating sugar, limiting salt and cholesterol and increasing the amount of vitamins.

The intake of food must be exercised 4-5 times a day, with the daily norm of carbohydrates should be evenly distributed during this time. In order to increase the sense of satiety, vegetables, fruits, which contain a small amount of carbohydrates should be included in the diet, but it also enters the total daily norm.

Diabetic nutrition can differ depending on the severity of the disease. It also depends on the concomitant diseases, weight, sex and intensity of labor. As a rule, balance is achieved by excluding or adding certain foods to the daily diet, as a result of which the amount of carbohydrates entering the body is regulated. It is this indicator that must be taken into account, first of all. The control over food guards is the main task of every patient. This greatly depends on the degree of their recovery and the effectiveness of treatment.