Designing of heating and water supply for private houses

The infrastructure of private houses provides for a number of systems that increase its operational comfort. The list of the main elements of engineering is allocated to devices for heating and water supply. Their functions are familiar to every inhabitant of a modern house - heat and hot water are mandatory resources to support human life. Approaches to the organization of technical support of premises can differ, causing nuances of designing of this or that system.

Initial data for design

The variety of equipment that provides private homes with water and heat, makes engineers at the first stages think through the optimal solutions on which the design of a heating or water supply system will be based. In this part, it is necessary to take into account the many parameters of the building, as well as not forgetting the nature of its operation - temporary, permanent, seasonal, etc. The main points of departure in the search for the most rational heating and water supply systems are the technical parameters and capabilities of a particular house:

• Living area (total and each room separately);
• Local climatic conditions (it is important to take into account if the heating system of the building is being designed and heat losses are calculated);
• Configuration of the possible branching of heating or water supply circuits in the house;
• Power supply and connection to the central highway;
• Need for automation of the system.

We can say that this is the primary information on which the design of private house heating systems is carried out, with the selection of the type of equipment and the corresponding fuel. Then follows the choice of devices and the direct design of systems.

heating equipment

For the heating of private houses today, different technical means are used, which differ in the form of the source of heat and the scattering element. The traditional ones include boilers, radiators and convectors, as well as pipes with a water coolant. In turn, each of these technical features has structural features, which should take into account the design of the heating system and related components. Fuel resources can be represented by water, gas, solid elements, electricity, etc.

Modern types of heating equipment include solar panels, warm floors and pellet boilers. Each of these systems is innovative in a certain sense. For example, solar panels operate on free and renewable energy rays, and floor heating has become revolutionary in structural design.

Development of a heating project

Based on the characteristics of the equipment selected for installation, it calculates its parameters and installation technology. The heating project includes circuits for routing contours (if any), the volumes of sources of heat consumption, the configuration of the location in the house, the capacity and other indicators.

In modern cottages, the design of a heating system usually involves the use of boilers. They can work on water coolant, electricity, solid fuel and other sources. The ready project should provide information on the following items:

• General scheme of communication wiring;
• Altitude scheme of communication wiring;
• Information about the materials used;
• Instruction on the work performed;
• Specifications for devices;
• Design sketch;
• Drawings with parameters and designation of the main units of the heating system;
• Designation of connecting sites;
• Communication plan.

Equipment for water supply system

Competent design of private house heating systems will allow to realize an efficient heating system that will meet the heating needs with minimal costs.

Providing the house with quality water is more difficult, since there is a need for special drainage. In addition, the resource must come in a usable form, and therefore the design of water heating systems takes into account the means of filtration.

So, the water supply system can consist of the following components:

• Source of water intake (well, central highway);
• Water intake device;
• pumping station;
• Cleaning equipment;
• A reservoir for receiving and discharging purified water;
• Water lines;
• Distributing elements.

The pipes and the pump are of fundamental importance in the selection. The modern pipeline, as a rule, is realized from the PVC contours, which allows to prolong the work period and facilitate the installation. Among the pumps, circulation models with a thermostat are preferable. By the way, the design of the heating system often leaves the possibility of using one technical infrastructure for several engineering systems.

Designing of water supply

The integrated development of the water supply management plan allows to get an idea of the equipment capacities, associated materials, branching methods and rational distribution of the wire in the house.

Like the design of house heating systems, the documentation package for water supply communications should describe the characteristics and arrangement of collector points, the parameters of pipeline tracing and risers, calculation materials for drainage and consumption, recommendations for the selection of the pump and the axonometric plan for water supply.

If it is supposed to equip a building with several floors, a floor plan with the arrangement of sanitary facilities is also drawn up.

Flow meters

And when the design of house heating systems is done, and the organization of water supply, the integration of flow sensors can be a useful solution. They allow you to monitor consumption, and the latest models work together with automatic control devices. Thus, the ease of operation and reliability in the operation of the devices is increased.

In most cases, modern design involves the integration of thermostats. Devices of this family operate on the principle of regulating water heating - this reduces the working intervals and increases the longevity. In addition, the presence of multifunction sensors is an element of the safety system of heating and water supply systems, preventing excessive production of heat or hot water.

Combined systems

In a broader sense, the combination of several subsystems in one building infrastructure refers to the idea of a "smart" home. Similar complexes also include safety devices, electrical equipment, air conditioners, etc.

Combined design and installation of heating systems are focused on combining the two functions at the expense of the boiler, which operates with the boiler on the principle of priority hot water supply. For the design of such systems, it is important to determine the number of collapsible points, the number of people living, and also to allow for the simultaneous use of several water supply sites.

Mounting rules

Although the main reserve for the effective operation of communication equipment is the design of heating and water supply systems, the quality of their installation is also of considerable importance. As a rule, the installation is carried out before the implementation of facing and finishing procedures. Especially it concerns the laying of the pipeline, when the installation of sanitary ware in the floors and underground niches is carried out. Integration of wiring in the under-ceiling space is also common.

There are also nuances when designing and installation of heating systems in houses is carried out. The specificity of the installation is determined by the type of equipment. In some cases, the room should initially be calculated for the discharge of combustion products. Here it is worth remembering the combination of air conditioning and ventilation in one complex.

Modernization of systems

Measures to improve existing systems are carried out after a technical audit of the equipment and the project concept itself. It is for further modernization that the design of heating and water supply systems should allow for the replacement of components or the introduction of new devices.

A classic illustration of this update is the laying of new pipes (for example, metal contours give way to PVC analogues), the introduction of more functional collector cabinets, the installation of pumps with forced circulation and other operations.