Crosses chickens. Growing chickens at home for beginners. Hybrid breeds of chickens

Successful breeding of chickens of any kind depends on a properly selected breed, conditions of keeping, feeding, personal desire to breed a bird. One of the most popular breed groups are chicken crosses. These are hybrids of poultry, obtained by crossing different breeds. Such a process is complicated and carried out only by specialists according to strictly established rules.

Crosses are obtained by crossing cocks of the same breed with chickens of another breed. On a commercial scale, the lines of populations are usually crossed. From the usual interbreeding, this process is complicated. In this case, not only natural insemination, but also blood transfusion is used.

Getting a hybrid

When receiving a cross of chickens, breeders rely on one or more of the characteristics that a given bird should possess. This maturity, the growth rate, egg production. New breeds are derived when two or three breeds are used. In the first case, breeders receive a simple line of hens, and when using three breeds - a synthetic line. When these two lines are crossed, hybrids are obtained.

Such work is carried out in order to obtain productive offspring that surpasses their parents by specified indicators.

Poultry crosses

The cross is the parent herd from which the hybrid offspring are derived. Crosses of poultry come in several variants: two-, three-, four-line. Sometimes in the name of the cross is indicated a figure that can talk about the number of lines used in obtaining the breed.

Modern egg, meat breeds belong to four-line hybrids. They are removed in order to improve egg and meat production.

Elimination of egg crosses

All the crosses of hens of the egg direction are divided by the color of the eggshell into white and brown.

White hybrids are the result of crossing different lines of white leggorns. A brown shell in chickens, in the appearance of which not only leggorns, but also the kind of island and other species took part. In this case, leggorns transmit egg production to the offspring, but the shade of the shell is lost.

The crosses of chickens, from which eggs with a brown shell are obtained, are in great demand. This is due to the fact that the bird is not subject to great stress, it is resistant to heat, cold.

Breeds of egg chickens

The best are considered hybrid breeds of chicken, bred by foreign breeders. Among them are the following breeds.

White:

• Loman-White;
• "High Line";
• "Dekalb White".

Brown:

• "Loman-Brown";
• "High Line Silver Brown";
• "Iza-Brown."

Domestic breeders also have extensive experience in obtaining crosses. Among the best breeds are:

• "Start-1";
• "Crystal-5";
• "Borki";
• "B-121";
• "Progress";
• "Volzhsky" and some others.

From one chicken of any of these breeds it is possible to get up to 330 eggs per year, that is, the bird will lay eggs every day, making small breaks. Of course, in order to achieve such results, it is necessary to feed and contain the bird properly. If you do not comply with the content requirements, the chicken will give no more than eighty percent of the eggs from the genetically engineered ones. However, growing chickens at home for beginners of foreign breeds can become deplorable. This is due to the fact that the first time affects the lack of knowledge, and the cross does not survive. For beginners, domestic selection is more suitable: Slobozhansky-3, Borki-Color.

The breeds of the egg direction have many features. Their main advantage is large eggs and excellent egg production, but despite this, they are badly fattened. To get a batch of young, an incubator is needed, since hybrids have practically no instinct of incubation. However, with the right content, oviposition begins already at five months. It is for her that there are egg chickens-crosses. Breeding these breeds for meat is unprofitable because of poor development.

Meat chicken

Asking the question "what does chickens crosses mean?", Many assume that these are breeds of meat broilers. They are able to gain up to a kilo of pure meat in just forty days. With proper feeding, one bird consumes no more than two kilograms of food.

Long-term growing of chickens at home for beginners and professionals provides for theoretical knowledge.

Broilers should be kept only on the floor. This is the most beneficial placement of a bird. At the same time, they are in cramped state in order to accelerate the build-up of muscle mass. However, domestic farms are adapted for growing birds in cages, and not for floor maintenance. Specially for such conditions, breeds adapted specifically for the cellular content were removed. They include Ross 308 of the improved type, as well as SK Rus-6. For domestic poultry use cross KOBB-500 and some other breeds.

Meat direction differs from egg with a large mass, short legs. The bird has a rare plumage. Oviposition of chickens begins after six months of age. For a year, one bird is able to lay off to hundreds of eggs weighing about 70 grams. Despite all these qualities, meat crosses differ in that they hatch eggs well.

Birds of prey

Among the representatives of the cross meat direction, the following types are distinguished:

1. "Cornish". The weight of the bird is 3-4 kilograms. For a year, she demolishes up to 110 eggs weighing up to sixty grams.
2. "Brahma." The average weight is 4-5 kilograms. Egg production an average of one hundred eggs per year weighing up to 65 grams.
3. COBB-500. Feature of the breed in precocity. Already on the fortieth day the weight of the chicken reaches 2.5 kilograms.

In households there are often breeds "Leggorn", "Loman", "Hubbard."

Meat-egg crosses

When crossing different lines of birds crossings of meat-egg direction were obtained. They are distinguished by a large mass and high egg-laying. However, these data are slightly lower than in birds of pure meat and egg direction.

Chicks of representatives of crosses develop rather quickly, as meat. Since five months the bird begins laying eggs and can carry over two hundred eggs, weighing about 65 grams. The advantage of growing meat-egg breeds is that the hens have a well-developed instinct of incubation.

The best meat-egg breeds

Among the meat-egg crosses, the following breeds are considered to be the best:

1. "Australorp". The weight of the bird is 2.7 and 3.5 kg. In a year the chicken is capable of demolishing up to 170 eggs weighing about 55 grams.
2. Adler silvery. The weight of the roosters is 3.5 kg, the hens - 2.6. Eggplant - 180 eggs.
3. "Holoshees." The weight of the roosters is up to 2.5 kilograms, and the number of hens is half a kilo. During the year crosses can demolish about 150 eggs weighing about 60 grams.
4. "The Kuchinskaya Jubilee". Roosters weigh almost four kilograms, and chickens - about three. For a year the chicken is able to demolish up to 180 eggs weighing 60 grams.
5. "Rhode Island". The weight of the roosters is up to 4 kilograms, and the hens - up to three. Eggplant - up to 180 eggs per year.
6. "Orel vociferous." The weight of the cock is up to four kilograms, the chickens are up to three. Eggplant is about 100 eggs per year weighing up to 80 grams.

On private farmsteads there are often such breeds as "Borki", "Belorus-9", "Lohmann". These crosses are capable of giving up to three hundred eggs per year.

Coop

For a small family, it is enough to have 10 birds. You can keep ten hens of different breeds in separate coops.

Any hen house with 10 chickens should be warm. The minimum temperature that should be in the room is -2 degrees.

To ensure that chickens can sustain eggs, henhouses need to organize lighting: to provide windows and electric lamps.

For each breed there are requirements to the density of placement. Broilers are kept indoors with a landing density of not more than three hens per square meter. Eggs feel good at a density of four birds per square meter. When keeping chickens in winter, you can increase the density of planting to six heads. So they better bear cold.

Before you begin to build a chicken house for 10 hens, you need to choose the place where it will be located, and make the building drawings. The height of the room should be such that a person could easily walk there, without bending his head. A warm part of the coop should be about 2.5 meters in area. The bird must necessarily walk. For this, a canopy enclosed by a net is attached to the warm part. Its area should be about 3 square meters. Between the barn and the barrow a laz is made about 50 cm in diameter so that the birds can pass freely. Inside the coop there are roosts and nests. For ten hens, three nests are enough.

Business for breeding chickens

You can raise chickens at home not only to provide for your own needs, but also to earn money on this. First of all, you should analyze the pros and cons. And only then open your small home business. The breeding of chickens at the initial stages requires only a great desire and seed capital.

To begin with, it is worth considering which chicken crosses will be grown. In parallel, the selection of the breed should be engaged in the preparation of all the necessary documents for the legalization of business. If you develop a business plan, you can get a subsidy for farming.

The next step is to choose the place where the birds are planned to be kept. If you plan to receive a small profit, then you can organize a mini-farm on a personal farmstead, if its area is large enough. In other cases, you can rent a room or a piece of land.

Then the purchase of young animals is made and the sale of finished products is sought. When calculating the budget, it is necessary to take into account the costs of medicines, feed, and maintenance. It is not profitable to buy young animals constantly, it is much more profitable to remove chickens from own eggs. To do this, you will need to think over a place where young people of different ages will be kept, and purchase an incubator.

If you follow the technology of growing and feeding chickens for a year from 50 individuals, you can get a net profit of 50 thousand rubles. If possible, it can be increased if you sell not only eggs, but also young.

To breed chickens is an interesting and uncomplicated business. These birds can be kept not only for their own needs, but also sell products on the market, in cafes, restaurants, shops.