C-400. S-400 Triumph air defense system. S-400 missile system

In recent years, armies around the world have focused on the means to destroy the enemy and enemy equipment at a distance, avoiding direct confrontation. Are not an exception and the domestic sun. Old missile systems are being modernized, new ones are being created.

But at all times a special role was played by the means to defeat enemy aviation. In addition, this list has recently included heavy UAVs and rockets. One of the most promising means of their destruction is the S-400 complex, which is better known as the Triumph.

Purpose

This missile system can be used to destroy the jammers, reconnaissance and reconnaissance planes, ground-attack aircraft and fighters, UAVs, as well as enemy rocket weapons of different types.

Advantages over existing samples

The S-400 SAM was developed on the basis of the S-300, but has much better characteristics in all areas. The new complex is not only cheaper, but also 2.5 times more efficient.

The uniqueness of "Triumph" is that the complex can work not only with new missiles that were specially developed for him, but also with old models that were produced for the S-300 and the like. Even in the basic version, the complex is equipped with four variants of missiles. In the case of deployment, it allows the organization in the shortest possible time of several echelons of air defense, to organize an attack on enemy air reconnaissance bases.

Differing from the previous models, the S-400 is almost completely automated, which significantly reduces the number of personnel that is necessary for its maintenance and repair. Due to the highest degree of integration with other SAM systems and MLRS, it can be used in any subdivision of the RF Armed Forces.

Information about the developer

This complex was designed in the legendary CB Almaz, with the active participation of the general designer A. Lemansky. The experts from the ICB "Fakel", the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Measurement Instruments (measuring instruments), as well as other design bureaus related to precision engineering participated in the development.

Date of adoption

The complex was put into service at the end of April 2007, which by military standards only very recently. The first settlement that this air defense system began to cover from the air was the city of Elektrostal, Moscow Region. In the NATO environment, the complex is known by the designation SA-20.

What is included in the

In the issue of structure and manning, the S-400 is in fact no different from its predecessor. The SAM includes a multifunctional radar, an installation for launching missiles, as well as fully autonomous guidance and targeting systems. As for the differences, the new model provides support for a much larger number of goals, and the likelihood of their simultaneous destruction is higher.

Directly in the composition of the S-400 "Triumph" is several structural elements. The automatic control and guidance system 30K6E includes:

• Command post for controlling the battle of 55K6E.
• To quickly detect and keep the enemy using the radar 91N6E.

The composition of the antiaircraft complex 98Z6E also includes additional components:

• Radar for control and tracking of air targets 92Н2Е.
• To start the missiles directly, the starting installations 5P85TE2 or 5P85S2 are used.
• The list of missiles with which this complex is compatible is impressive. 48H6E, 48H6E2, 48H6E3 can be started. This SAM also allows missile launches to defeat the ultra-long targets of 40N6E.

If the current tactical situation requires that, the following optional means may additionally be given to the fire calculation:

• Specially designed to support the targets at the maximum available height of the 96L6E radar.
• The tower 40В6М, created to improve the signal on the antenna 92Н6Е.

Basic information about the SAM

Complex S-400 "Triumph" is created, including to combat high-precision weapons of the enemy, allowing to shoot down even small and high-speed ballistic missiles. A huge advantage is that the weapons used not only destroy the air target, but completely undermine its controls and the entire warhead. It should be borne in mind that the probability of hitting an air target is:

• For manned purposes, the indicator is at least 0.9%, and the probability of destruction is practically not affected even by pilots performing special maneuvers for evasion.
• For unmanned targets, the probability is about 0.8%. Even if the rocket or UAV are only partially affected, in 70% of cases, complete destruction of their warhead is achieved.

As for the chassis, on which it would be possible to install containers, each containing a S-400 missile, the choice is limited only by equipping a specific military unit. So, in this role almost all modifications of MAZ, KAMAZ, KRAZ and URAL cars can be used.

Other information

It should be noted that several types of missiles can be combined in the launch canisters, which contributes to the creation of a powerful echeloned defense, which none of the western missiles that are in service can overcome.

Autonomy and mobility of the system is facilitated by the fact that it is equipped with powerful generators that make the S-400 "Triumph" a unique model of technology that is capable of effectively solving combat missions in the long separation from the base units.

Between the components of the complex, radio communication is established, both over a wired and wireless channel. The first option is used much more often, as it provides maximum protection of the transmitted data from interception. However, wireless communication also has the right to exist, since in combat conditions the speed of deployment and the mobility of the system are much more important.

Control

As in the case of most similar systems, control is carried out using a combined circuit. Almost throughout the flight the rocket is guided by the data that was loaded into its control microchip from the complex radar. Only with the maximum approach to the target, the warhead begins to follow the target, actively monitoring its movement with its own guidance system, which is located at the head.

If we talk about how far the S-400 (missile system) can hit the target, then in the standard state this distance is 120 kilometers. The defeat of the object is possible at an altitude of 5 to 30 kilometers.

From the moment of detection of the target and until its launch is only eight seconds. The service life of each rocket is about 15 years. In the case when the special certification bodies can confirm the preservation of the operational properties of the equipment, this period can be significantly extended.

Destruction of the military unit

The main requirement of a modern air defense system is not just to shoot down a missile, but to achieve a guaranteed destruction of its combat unit. This is especially true if the system is located in close proximity to the object it is guarding. It is highly undesirable if a missile dropped on it, when an explosive substance or a nuclear warhead was completely preserved in its hull.

Only in the case when the combat unit is intercepted even during the approach of an enemy missile to the target, such an unfavorable scenario can be ruled out. Destruction of the most dangerous parts of enemy equipment can be achieved only in two cases: either with a direct hit in a warhead, or with a fairly compact impact of fragments on it.

Interception of goals

As we already said, in many respects the used ammunition is distinguished by the S-400. The rocket complex is remarkable for the fact that the rocket does not start immediately from the container, but is thrown up to a height of 30 meters with a pyro cartridge. This not only guarantees the complete safety of operators, but also allows you to achieve the highest possible accuracy in the defeat of targets.

Simultaneously with the launch of the march engine, the missile includes an active interference cancellation system that allows you to bypass almost all known types of interception protection. It should be noted that the rocket has its own gas dynamic system of maneuvering, thanks to which it can successfully deviate from a collision with false goals, constantly pursuing the desired object.

Conditions for guaranteed defeat of the missile's warhead

As we have already said, one of the conditions for a successful defeat of a warhead is a direct hit in it. You can understand that this can not be done so often. That is why the main method is controlled and remotely triggered (according to the scanning from the combat part of the missile of the complex) the release of the fragments. The S-400 complex, whose characteristics we cite below, provides a point-like peripheral detonation of an enemy missile.

If the system of staging the enemy target is too successful, then a centralized detonation of the missile is activated, as a result of which a symmetrical cloud of fragments rushes to the target.

The most important TTX of the complex

• Target detection range reaches 600 km.
• At the same time, up to 300 (!) Dissimilar objects can be accompanied.
• The maximum range of damage is up to 240 kilometers.
• The target can be hit at a speed of up to 4800 m / sec.
• At the same time, up to 36 aircraft or enemy missiles can be attacked.
• For each of these purposes, up to two missiles can be fired at a time.
• The deployment time of the S-400 complex, whose characteristics are listed here, is only 5-7 minutes.
• Before major repairs, the system is capable of operating up to 10,000 hours.

What can this system interact with?

It should be noted that the S-400 can effectively interact not only with air and ground guidance systems, but even with military satellites in the orbit of the planet. When creating the complex, the specialists were guided by the principle of the maximum possible compatibility, so that it can be used with equal success in any grouping of the RF Armed Forces.

Particularly promising from this point of view is the complex of radar surveillance and guidance - AK RLDN. This equipment can perform automatic reconnaissance of the enemy's airspace in order to ensure maximum effectiveness of the actions of both the SAM and assault aviation.

The S-400 system works particularly efficiently with its modification A-50, as well as with the modernized replica A-50U, which includes the radio engineering complex "Shmel-M". It is installed on an Il-76 reconnaissance aircraft, so that the SAM can receive information about potentially dangerous objects that are thousands of kilometers away. In addition, combinations of various types of ground-based and air-based RTK (radio-technical complexes) are currently being tested.

The purpose of these experiments is to find the most informative and inexpensive option. Just note that of all existing not only in the West, but also in our ZRK, this particular complex is the cheapest, reliable and efficient. The accuracy of the missile defeats that the S-400 Triumph missile system has is not inferior to that of the S-300, but all the other indicators are much better.