Brief chronicle of life and creativity of Chekhov

Today we will tell about Anton Pavlovich Chekhov - about his life. And Chekhov's work will be presented in our article. Let's start with a brief biography, and then talk about everything in more detail.

A Brief Chronicle of the Life and Work of AP Chekhov

• Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was born on January 17 (29), 1860 in Taganrog. His parents' family is Pavel Georgievich Chekhov (merchant) and Evgeniya Yakovlevna.
• The period from 1876 to 1878 is the time of the first literary experiments of the writer.
• The study at the Moscow University, at the Faculty of Medicine, was held in 1879-1884.
• In 1880 the first works of the writer were published, and also work was done in various comic magazines: "Alarm Clock", "Shards", "Dragonfly".
• In 1890 Chekhov went to the island of Sakhalin.
• He began collaborating in 1898 with the Moscow Art Theater, where the premiere of the play "The Seagull" took place at the same time.
• Marriage to Knipper O.L. - 1901.
• 1903-1904 - on the stage of the Art Theater was first staged a play called "Cherry Orchard".
• In 1904, on July 2 (15), the writer died in Badenweiler, in a German resort.

So, we have described in brief the life and work of Chekhov. The table, which can be compiled from this chronicle, will help you better understand the information, if you want to remember the basic dates associated with the personality of Anton Pavlovich.

If you need a more in-depth knowledge of the biography, you will be helped by a rather detailed sketch of Chekhov's life and creativity, which we have compiled and now offer to your attention.

In the parents' house

Chekhov Anton Pavlovich was born in Taganrog. His grandfather was a serf by birth, but bought out the will for himself and his family and then served as the manager of the estate (some features of his image are reflected in the character of Firs from the "Cherry Orchard"). Father Anton Pavlovich owned a grocery store, but he was noted for his inability to conduct economic affairs, impractical. In his character, much has been connected: artistic talent given to children (Pavel Georgievich painted well, and also took a great interest in music, played the violin, loved church singing) with authority and despotism towards his relatives and others. Chekhov, recalling his childhood, wrote to Alexander, his elder brother, in 1883 that childhood was poisoned by horrors. Family despotism and punishment have developed in Chekhov the rejection of violence and injustice, the desire for independence, a heightened sense of self-worth.

Independence in life

Both creativity and Chekhov's life early became independent. In his family, the children quickly became independent. Sons helped in trade, from a young age working in a shop. Anton Pavlovich therefore from a young age was immersed in the everyday environment: he cleaned the apartment, went to the bazaar, wore water, washed himself the collars for the form, filled the lamps with kerosene.

But in his life there was also another: home performances and sketches, which Anton Pavlovich himself thought out and played with his brothers, fishing. In the family, a bright beginning was made by the mother, who was a reasonable, sincere and kind woman.

The world of nature in the life and work of Chekhov

From childhood, Anton Pavlovich fell in love with the natural world, which left a deep imprint on his soul, awakening a thirst for life. And Chekhov's work reflects this. In his stories we will meet descriptions of the steppe, the Taganrog Gulf ("Steppe", "On Christmas Eve", etc.). The writer was very keenly connected with nature throughout his life and showed in his works a profound influence on his life. In the works of Chekhov nature is humanized: animals, flowers, trees think and feel like people ("Fear", "White-throat", "Kashtanka", "Agafia").

Education in the gymnasium

The elder brothers still managed to find time when the family was happy: the French teacher was visiting the house, after which he was replaced by Madame. For Nikolay, the brother of the future writer, music teachers were also invited.

When Anton Pavlovich grew up, the financial situation of the family deteriorated, so he managed to get only a gymnasium education. However, Chekhov did not cause special interest in studying at the gymnasium. This institution was typical for that time. About him, you can make a more or less correct idea of Chekhov's story called "The Man in a Case".

In the gymnasium well conducted natural sciences, there was a telescope, the latest instruments in the cabinets. Anton in the lessons of the Law of God became the favorite pupil of Pokrovsky Feodor Platonovich. It was an interesting, extraordinary person who noticed a humorous talent early in the future writer and gave him the nickname Chekhonte, which later became Chekhov's pseudonym. Thus, he played some role in his life. And Chekhov's work did not take shape without the participation of this interesting personality. However, the spirit that prevailed in this institution was, in the main, distinguished by formalism and kazenshchina. The spiritual development of the future writer was strongly influenced by books and theater. In it, early love for dramatic art was manifested: at the age of 13 the future writer was already a regular visitor of the Taganrog Theater.

To this period belong also the first of his literary experiments, now known only by the names that Chekhov created at the time. Life and work, briefly, at this time are marked by some important events. The main facts of the biography we have already presented, and as for creativity, we note the following. Being a schoolboy, he published the magazine "Bunny", wrote a comedy "Not without reason the chicken sang" and "Found a scythe on a stone", as well as the drama "Fatherlessness".

The ruin of Chekhov's family

In 1876, Anton Pavlovitch's father went bankrupt, was forced to go to Moscow together with his family. Anton was left alone in Taganrog at the age of 16, since he was supposed to graduate from the gymnasium. He began to earn private lessons, sent even the family money transfers. These difficult years, a life full of loneliness, trials and hardships, contributed to the early maturation of such a writer as Chekhov. Life and work (briefly described) of the further period are marked by the following main events.

Chekhov - a student of Moscow University

Having passed the final exams in 1879, Chekhov went to Moscow. Here he was enrolled in the Moscow University, the Faculty of Medicine. From the first course Chekhov began to work in various journals, to be published. For the family, his literary earnings became almost the only financial source. Chekhov becomes the head of the family and her breadwinner.

The first published works

The first published his works (parodies) were published in the magazine "Dragonfly". Chekhov, choosing a literary path, is printed simultaneously in humorous, and in serious genres. However, early creativity is dominated by the former. Under various pseudonyms (Brother of my brother, Man without spleen, Antosha Chehonte) he is printed in humorous magazines "Shards", "Dragonfly", "Alarm Clock", "Spectator". The main genres in which the humorous press of that time existed were different "trifles" that were created according to certain canons: comic aphorisms, comic calendars, signatures to drawings, anecdotes, dictionaries, comic announcements, manuals, etc. Their Chekhov soon mastered And I felt that he was cramped in them.

Satirical and humorous stories

In 1882-1883 there were such stories as "The Death of an Official," "Thick and Thin," "The Daughter of Albion." At that time, many works were written in the form of a sketch, that is, a short humorous story, the comic of which lies in the transmission of the conversations of the characters. Chekhov raised this genre to the level of serious literature. Among the artistic features of Chekhov's scenes are the following: simple names, a minimum of explanations and descriptions ("Burbot", "Guest", "Help", "In the Bath"), talking names (actor Dikobrazov, General Zapupyryn, Ochumelov, Master Khryukin) , As well as funny spoken language characters.

New key in Chekhov's work

The themes of the late creations are already present in the first Chekhov's stories: the author laughs at the absurdity of people's behavior and thinking, their empty pretensions. In the course of time new tonalities appear in the works. The main thing in art is still humor, but it acquires some new shades, a new sound - sad, lyrical. There is a movement from mockery to analysis, and from ridiculous characters - to contradictory, complex. The mask images are replaced by individual characters. In stories related to the period 1883-1886 ("Art", "Trouble", "Tosca", "Huntsman"), the future Chekhov is already visible.

Registration of Chekhov's story

Life and creativity of Chekhov continue. A summary of them between 1884 and 1888 can be summarized as follows. In 1884, after completing his studies at the university, Chekhov worked in Zvenigorod, Voskresensk. He is also a correspondent of the Moscow edition, "Oskolkov." In the period from 1884 to 1888 he created a lot of works - more than 350. Chekhov's story at this time is formalized as an original and new phenomenon of Russian literature. Chekhov in this small genre managed to contain a huge psychological and socio-philosophical content. Amazingly capacious with him this form.

The flourishing of Anton Pavlovich's talent in the genre of the story

By the period of 1880-1890-ies the type of hero is determined definitively (average, ordinary, often "small" person). The object of the image is everyday life. This time is considered the flourishing of Chekhov's talent. New collections are being created. In 1886 - "Colored Stories", in 1887 - "Innocent Speeches" and "At Twilight", in 1888 - "Stories", in 1890 - "Gloomy People." The writer was awarded the Pushkin Prize for a collection entitled "In the Twilight". In the autumn of 1887 he wrote the comedy "Ivanov", followed by vaudeville "Anniversary", "Wedding", "Proposal" and "Bear", which were staged in professional theaters.

Chekhov goes to Sakhalin Island

The trip to Sakhalin changed the life and work of Chekhov. Briefly describe the main events of the time. On this island Chekhov went to be near the convicts. Here he made a single census of the population for three months, talked with different people. Chekhov, as a citizen and artist, decided to show people the harsh truth. The result of the trip was the book "Island of Sakhalin" published in 1894.

Works written in the 90s

After this, he began to react more sharply to the phenomena of domestic reality. The first of the major works written after the trip was a story called "Duel" (published in 1891), as well as "Chamber No. 6" - a story published in 1892.

Chekhov wrote about the mistakes, illusions, insolvency of various life programs in the 1990s ("Rothschild's Violin", "The Boots", "The Teacher of Literature"). At this time, such stories as "About Love", "Gooseberries", "Man in a Case", "Ionich" were also created.

Since the spring of 1892, the writer settled in Melikhovo, a Moscow estate near Moscow, is engaged in charitable public activities, heals the peasants, builds schools, a medical center. His life changes. P. Chekhov, whose life is interconnected, creates on the basis of his impressions of the work "In the Ravine", "New Dacha", "On the Stuff", "Muzhiks."

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov's dramaturgy

The first play with which Chekhov's drama began is the Seagull. It was staged at the Alexandrinsky Theater in 1896. However, the idea of success was not. The reason is Chekhov's lack of innovation. After 2 years in the production of the Art Theater, she caused a sensation. After the "Seagull" appeared the play "Uncle Vanya" (in 1899), also played with great success. In the last works ("Three Sisters" and "Cherry Orchard" - 1901 and 1903 respectively) incarnated in full the dramatic principles of the author.

last years of life

In 1897 Chekhov was forced to go to a tuberculosis clinic, and then to spend the winter of 1897-1898 in Nice. At the insistence of doctors, he went to Yalta in September 1898, where he lived the whole winter. In recent years, the writer was preparing the collection of works, which appeared in two editions (1899-1902 and 1903).

In 1901, the writer married Otto Leonidovna Knipper, an actress.

Gradually his health worsened, doctors insisted on sending to Germany, in Badenweiler. Here the writer went with his wife. July 2 (15), 1904, was the last day of his life.

And Chekhov's work, and his social activities, and various facts from his biography show us that he was a man of high spiritual ideals and moral values. Thanks to people like him, our world is getting a little better. Chronicle of life and creativity of Chekhov was presented in this article. We will be glad if it prompted in you the desire to continue acquaintance with this remarkable writer. The life and work of Chekhov, his biography is very instructive and interesting. In this article, unfortunately, it is impossible to talk about all the details.