Blood diseases: a list of the most dangerous

Diseases of blood are dangerous, widespread, the heaviest of them are generally incurable and lead to death. Why is pathology affected such an important system of the body as the blood? The reasons are very different, sometimes even not depending on the person, and accompanying him from birth.

Diseases of the blood

Diseases of the blood are numerous and diverse in origin. They are associated with the pathology of the structure of blood cells or a violation of the functions performed by them. Also, some diseases affect the plasma - the liquid component in which the cells are. The blood diseases, the list, the causes of their occurrence are carefully studied by doctors and scientists, some have not been determined so far.

Blood cells - erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. Erythrocytes - red blood cells - carry oxygen to the tissues of internal organs. White blood cells - white blood cells - fight infections and foreign bodies that enter the body. Platelets are colorless cells, responsible for clotting. Plasma is a protein viscous fluid in which blood cells are contained. In connection with the serious functionality of the circulatory system, blood diseases are mostly dangerous and even difficult to cure.

Classification of diseases of the circulatory system

Blood diseases, the list of which is sufficiently large, can be divided into groups according to the area of their distribution:

• Anemia. The condition of pathologically low level of hemoglobin (this is a component of red blood cells, which transfers oxygen).
• Hemorrhagic diathesis is a violation of coagulation.
• Hemoblastosis (oncology associated with the damage of blood cells, lymph nodes or bone marrow).
• Other diseases that do not relate to the three above.

Such a classification is common, it divides diseases according to the principle of which cells the pathological processes concern. Each group contains numerous diseases of the blood, their list is included in the International Classification of Diseases.

List of diseases that affect blood

If you list all the diseases of the blood, their list will be huge. They differ for reasons of their appearance in the body, the specificity of cell damage, symptoms and many other factors. Anemia is the most common pathology affecting red blood cells. Signs of anemia - a decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin. The reason for this may be a decreased production or a large loss of blood. Hemoblastosis - most of this group of diseases are leukemia, or leukemia - blood cancer. During the course of the disease, the blood cells are transformed into malignant formations. The cause of the disease is still not clear. Lymphoma is also an oncological disease, pathological processes pass in the lymphatic system, leukocytes become malignant.

Myeloma is a cancer of the blood, in which the plasma suffers. Hemorrhagic syndromes of this disease are associated with the problem of clotting. Basically they are congenital, for example hemophilia. It is manifested by hemorrhages in the joints, muscles and internal organs. Agammaglobulinemia is a hereditary deficiency of serum plasma proteins. Isolate the so-called systemic diseases of the blood, their list includes pathologies affecting individual body systems (immune, lymphatic) or the whole body as a whole.

Anemia

Consider the blood diseases associated with the pathology of erythrocytes (list). Types of the most common:

• Thalassemia is a violation of the rate of hemoglobin formation.
• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia - develops as a result of viral infection, syphilis. Medicamentous non-autoimmune hemolytic anemia - due to poisoning with alcohol, snake venom, toxic substances.
• Iron deficiency anemia - occurs with a lack of iron in the body or with chronic blood loss.
• B12-deficiency anemia. The reason - the lack of vitamin B12 due to inadequate intake of food or disruption of its assimilation. The result is a violation in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.
• Folic deficiency anemia - occurs due to a lack of folic acid.
• Sickle cell anemia - erythrocytes have the shape of a sickle, which is a serious hereditary pathology. The result is a slowing of blood flow, jaundice.
• Idiopathic aplastic anemia is the absence of tissue that reproduces blood cells. Possible for irradiation.
• Family erythrocytosis is a hereditary disease characterized by an increase in the number of erythrocytes.

Diseases of the hemoblastosis group

Basically, these are oncological blood diseases, the list of the most common includes a variety of leukemia. The latter, in turn, are divided into two types - acute (a large number of cancer cells, functions do not perform) and chronic (proceeds slowly, blood cell functions are performed).

Acute myeloblastic leukemia - disorders in the division of bone marrow cells, their maturation. Depending on the nature of the course of the disease, the following types of acute leukemia are distinguished:

• Without maturation;
• With maturation;
• Promyelocytic;
• Myelomonoblast;
• Monoblast;
• Erythroblastic;
• Megakaryoblastny;
• Lymphoblastic T-cell;
• Lymphoblastic B-cell;
• Panmyelo leukemia.

Chronic forms of leukemia:

• Myeloid leukemia;
• Erythromyelosis;
• Monocytic leukemia;
• Megakaryocytic leukemia.

The above chronic diseases are taken into account.

Disease Letterter-Siwe - the germination of cells of the immune system in different organs, the origin of the disease is unknown.

Myelodysplastic syndrome is a group of diseases affecting the bone marrow, which include, for example, subleukemic myelosis.

Hemorrhagic syndromes

• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DVS-syndrome) is an acquired disease, characterized by increased blood coagulability and the formation of thrombi.
• Hemorrhagic neonatal disease is a congenital deficiency of the clotting factor due to vitamin K deficiency.
• Deficiency factors coagulability - substances that are in the blood plasma, mainly they are proteins that provide blood clotting. There are 13 types.
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (Verlhof disease). Characterized by the coloration of the skin due to internal bleeding. It is associated with a low content of platelets in the blood.

The defeat of all blood cells

• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. A rare genetic disease. It is caused by the destruction of blood cells by lymphocytes and macrophages. Pathological process takes place in different organs and tissues, as a result, affects the skin, lungs, liver, spleen, brain.
• Hemophagocytic syndrome caused by infection.
• Cytostatic disease. It is manifested by the death of cells that are in the process of division.
• Hypoplastic anemia is a reduction in the number of all blood cells. It is associated with cell death in the bone marrow.

Infectious diseases

The cause of blood diseases can be infections that enter the body. What are infectious diseases of the blood? List of most common:

• Malaria. Infection occurs during a mosquito bite. Penetrating into the body, microorganisms affect erythrocytes, which as a result collapse, causing damage to the internal organs, fever, chills. Usually found in the tropics.
• Sepsis - this term is used to refer to pathological processes in the blood, the cause of which is the penetration of bacteria into the blood in large quantities. Sepsis occurs as a result of many diseases - diabetes mellitus, chronic diseases, diseases of internal organs, trauma and wounds. The best defense against sepsis is good immunity.

Symptoms

Typical symptoms of blood diseases are fatigue, dyspnea, dizziness, decreased appetite, tachycardia. When anemia due to bleeding there are dizziness, severe weakness, nausea, fainting. If we talk about infectious diseases of the blood, the list of their symptoms is as follows: fever, chills, itching of the skin, loss of appetite. With a long course of the disease, weight loss is observed. Sometimes there are cases of perverted taste and smell, as with B12-deficiency anemia, for example. There are pains in the bones with pressure (with leukemia), enlarged lymph nodes, pain in the right or left hypochondrium (liver or spleen). In some cases, there is a rash on the skin, bleeding from the nose. In the early stages of the disease, blood may not show any symptoms.

Treatment

Diseases of the blood develop very quickly, so treatment should be started immediately after the diagnosis. Each disease has its own specific characteristics, so treatment is assigned in each case its own. Treatment of diseases of an oncological nature, such as leukemia, is based on chemotherapy. Other methods of treatment - blood transfusion, reduction of intoxication. In the treatment of cancer, blood is used to transplant stem cells derived from bone marrow or blood. This newest way to fight the disease helps restore the immune system and, if not overcome the ailment, then at least prolong the patient's life. If the tests allow you to determine if the patient has any infectious diseases of the blood, the list of procedures is aimed primarily at eliminating the pathogen. Here antibiotics come to the rescue.

Causes

Numerous blood diseases, their list is great. The reasons for their occurrence are different. So, for example, diseases associated with the problem of blood coagulability, usually have a hereditary nature. They are diagnosed in young children. All infectious diseases of the blood, the list of which includes malaria, syphilis and other diseases, are transmitted through the carrier of the infection. It can be an insect or other person, the sexual partner. Oncological diseases, such as leukemia, have an unexplained etiology. The cause of blood disease can also be radiation, radioactive or toxic poisoning. Anemia can occur due to poor nutrition, which does not provide the necessary elements and vitamins of the body.