Anticoagulants - drugs that affect blood clotting

Under normal conditions, the blood is in a liquid state, which ensures its movement through the circulatory system. In infectious and invasive diseases, as well as in intoxications, its physicochemical properties change, which negatively affects the metabolic processes and the functioning of internal organs. At the same time, the speed of blood coagulation is of great biological importance. It can be accelerated and slow. In medicine, many pharmacological agents are used with the help of which the rate of blood clotting can be regulated. Anticoagulants are drugs that slow down the process of blood clotting, and the agents that accelerate this protective reaction are called coagulants.

The mechanism of clotting and formation of thrombi is a complex biochemical process that protects the body from loss of blood in violation of the integrity of blood vessels. This process is carried out by prothrombin, which is synthesized in the liver, and platelets, which adhere to the collagen fibers of the edges of the damaged vessel. In the process of platelet hydrolysis, macroergic compounds (adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate acids), thromboplastin and vasoconstrictor substances - noradrenaline, adrenaline, serotonin are secreted. They narrow the lumen of the vessel. Thromboplastin under the influence of calcium and plasma proteins connects to prothrombin and forms thrombin, which with the protein (fibrinogen) turns into insoluble fibrin clogging the vascular lumen.

Blood coagulability is slowed by diseases associated with a decrease in the level of calcium in the blood, a decrease in the concentration of platelets, a violation of the synthesis of prothrombin, fibrinogen, inadequate activity of thrombokinase and vitamin K. As coagulants in medicine, thrombin, fibrinogen, calcium chloride, vikasol, aminocaproic acid, vegetable Preparations (leaves of nettle, water pepper).

Anticoagulants are drugs that depress the activity of the biological system, which provides blood clotting and prevents the formation of blood clots in blood vessels. They depress all or some phases of blood clotting. It is known that the liquid state of the blood is maintained by specific enzymes and antitrabmin. In order to prevent the formation of blood clots, apply direct anticoagulants. They affect the factors of blood clotting, delay this process in the body or in vitro. Sodium citrate (sodium citrate) and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate acid) bind ionized blood calcium and convert it to calcium citrate, or into a complex with EDTA. In connection with the removal of calcium ions from the blood clotting system, thrombin and fibrin are not formed. Heparin inactivates thrombogenic factors and delays the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Anticoagulants - direct-acting drugs are prescribed for blood transfusions and laboratory hematology tests to prevent blood clotting, as well as to treat diseases that are accompanied by accelerated blood clotting. These drugs are used to prevent and treat thromboembolic complications.

Anticoagulants of indirect action - dicumarin, coumarin, syncumar - block the synthesis of enzymes that take part in blood clotting. They inhibit the formation of thrombin in the liver. This process develops in the body for 12-72 hours and manifests itself in a period of two to ten days. This medication is prolonged action. Anticoagulants - preparations of indirect action appoint for prophylaxis and treatment of thromboses, emboli, thrombophlebitis.