Andrei Bely is a Russian poet, writer, critic. Biography of Andrei Bely, creativity

Biography of Andrei Bely for all its contradictions is an undeniable reflection of that crucial epoch, which accounted for a significant part of the life of this extraordinary thinker and versatile gifted person. Russian literature of the early twentieth century, and especially poetry, can not be imagined without it. Andrei Bely, whose brief biography can only give a very superficial impression of his place and significance in the general cultural context of the era, was constantly at the very center of the turbulent turbulence of Russian public life. And a premonition of great changes was approaching Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century . Today, no one denies the well-known fact that the entire Russian culture of this period is to some extent permeated with a presentiment of future wars and revolutions.

Andrei Bely. Biography. What determined it

It is not so rare to encounter the fact that creative pseudonyms grow so tightly to their carriers that no one remembers that these names are fictional. Here and about the poet Andrei Bely heard, if not all, then very many. But the fact that this is only his pseudonym, few people come to mind. Boris Nikolayevich Bugaev - such are his real name, patronymic and surname - was born on October 26, 1880 in the family of a professor at Moscow University. It will not be a big exaggeration to say that this circumstance in many respects predetermined the future life of the future well-known writer. Biography of Andrei Bely began in the center of Moscow. Apartment on the Arbat, where he was destined to live for about a quarter of a century, today has the status of a memorial.

University of Moscow

The status of this educational institution has never been questioned, in the Russian Empire it was in all senses first. Boris Bugaev studied at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, but more natural sciences were interested in his questions of culture, literature, aesthetics, philosophy, mysticism and occultism. Therefore, after the successful completion of the course, he entered the Faculty of History and Philology of the same Moscow University. It was in his student days that the path to great literature began for him. The intellectual environment in which a person has to develop is often crucial and determines his entire future life. And the circle of future poetic themes emerged precisely in these years.

Alexander Blok

Perhaps it will not be a big exaggeration to say that the literary biography of Andrei Bely began with acquaintance and with correspondence with the great Russian symbolist poet. That is, even before the meeting with Blok he was included in the circles of the highest artistic bohemia of both capitals of the Russian Empire. Even the well-known pseudonym helped him to come up with the famous Russian philosopher MS Solovyov. But only Alexander Blok managed to discern and feel in Andrei Bely an equal companion and in many ways a competitor. Then for many years they were bound by the bizarre relations of friendship and enmity. Andrei Bely (poet) was in constant competition with the genius of Russian poetry. And with a great man you can only compete on equal terms. But the biography of Andrei Bely will be incomplete, if not to mention his relationship with his wife Alexander Blok, Lyubov Dmitrievna Mendeleeva. There was more to them than mere acquaintance. And this love triangle greatly complicated relations between the two poets. But, of course, reflected on their work.

Abroad

Departure from Russia was an attempt by the poet to break away from the established circle of communication and discover new horizons for creativity. And, of course, put an end to the prolonged ambiguous relationship with Alexander Blok and his wife. The trip to Europe took more than two years. This period in the poet's work was very fruitful. Verses were often dedicated and addressed to the circle of communication left in Russia, including Blok and Mendeleev. After returning from Europe, the poet agreed with A. Turgeneva (they will officially register marriage only five years later) and went abroad again. This time in another direction - through Sicily to Palestine, Egypt and Tunisia. He will return to Russia only at the height of the war, shortly before the revolution.

Change of historical epochs

Andrei Bely, whose biography and creativity are fairly far from ordinary everyday life, and even more so from politics, could not but reflect in his poetic works and critical articles the growing turbulence of public life and the cataclysm that is approaching Russia. The poet can not do otherwise, even if he pretends that nothing of what is happening around him has anything to do with it. And he was not alone. The theme of the impending catastrophe was one of the dominant in Russian art. The range of her perception fits into the gap between horror and ecstasy. Some people saw the revolution as the end of the world, and others perceived it as the beginning of a new world. Both of them were right in their own way. In the history of Russian literature, Andrei Bely entered as one of the brightest representatives of symbolism. His early poetry collections "Gold in Azure", "Ashes", "Urn" and the novel "The Silver Dove" became his classics. On the edge of polemics, his essays on Tolstoy and Dostoevsky were relevant. His novel "Petersburg" had a wide popularity among the educated public. Peru of Andrei Bely belongs to a number of journalistic articles of the period of the First World War.

After the revolution

In the history of Russia in the twentieth century, a moment came when the inevitable catastrophe became a fait accompli. Perceived by symbolist poets, one of the brightest representatives of which was Andrei Bely, as an impending inevitability, the revolution became a legitimate everyday occurrence. Together with the social system, a whole paradigm of the worldview of the Russian intelligentsia was replaced. Before many "knife to the throat" the question arose as to whether it is possible to live in a country that was not so long ago called the Russian Empire? Biography of Andrei Bely of this post-revolutionary period is chaotic and contradictory. The poet longs to swing in different directions, even manages to travel abroad, which in those days was quite difficult. It lasts a long time. But he ends his days in the Soviet Union. He died on January 8, 1934 and was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. It is impossible to call the fruitful Soviet period of Andrei Bely's creative work, even with a great desire. Symbolism, like many other poetic schools and phenomena, remained on the other side of the revolution. During these years, the poet tries to work, and much he succeeds. But several of his novels and many literary works no longer had their past success. For Soviet literature, Andrei Bely remained nothing more than a fragment of a bygone era.