Derzhavin G. R. Biography of the poet: the main milestones

In the history of Russian literature, the first writer who became famous throughout the world during his lifetime was Derzhavin G. R. His biography and creativity became known in Europe thanks to the spiritual dress "God." It was written by the author at the time of the highest enlightenment.

Children and youth of the poet

Biography Derzhavin short, of course, can only display the key moments of his life. In the light of Gavrila appeared in July 1743 in the village of Karmachi, located in the Kazan province.

His parents came from a noble family, but who did not have much money. The father took to his wife a childless widow Fekla Andreevna Gorin. Gavril was their first child. At the age of 7, the boy was sent to study in a private pension of the German Rose. There he spent 4 years. In 1754 the head of the family died. The widow remained with the three children in her arms and had nothing to pay even her husband's debts. Neighbors, taking advantage of her helplessness, also took away those lands that belonged to Derzhavin. And yet she managed to identify the sons in the gymnasium, which had just opened in Kazan. Gavril showed such great abilities that the director of the gymnasium mentioned him at a meeting with Shuvalov, a favorite of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. The Count immediately ordered that, along with other noblemen, the conductor of the Engineering Corps was also recorded Derzhavin G. R. Biography of his testifies otherwise. The boy was for some reason identified in the Preobrazhensky regiment as an ordinary rank and file, and in 1762 was summoned to serve in St. Petersburg. In the soldiers Gavrila Romanovich remained a long 10 years. He had experienced many things over the years. At this time, there was a coup d'état, power changed: instead of the murdered Peter III, Catherine II began to rule. But no matter how the day passed Derzhavin, at night he read the available books and wrote poetry.

Forced resignation. Marriage of the poet

Only in 1772 did Derzhavin GR obtain a biography of which before that and so it was not easy that he was finally promoted to a non-commissioned officer and transferred to a barracks for noblemen. There he became addicted to playing cards. The criminal case brought against him lasted for 12 years, so it did not end there. His poetry, poetry and odes were first published in 1773. For three years he was in the army of General Bibikov, who tried to suppress the uprising of E. Pugachev. In his spare time, Derzhavin continued to write. Unexpectedly, the authorities sent Gavril Romanovich for his rectilinear nature in resignation. Soon he found an influential patron. They became Prince Vyazemsky. He helped Derzhavin get a position in the Senate. However, the poet realized that where there is no truth, he can not work. In 1778, Gavrila Romanovich decided to marry. The chosen one was the 18-year-old Ekaterina Yakovlevna Bastidon. In the same period, the poet entered the literary circle. He turned to writing spiritual poetry.

Protection of Catherine II

The appearance of the "Ode to Felice" brought the Empress into raptures. In gratitude, she appointed the poet first Olonetsky, and then Tambov Governor. Here he immediately set off an ebullient activity. In Tambov opened a theater, an orphanage, a school, a people's home. Gavrila Romanovich as he could with bureaucracy and injustice. This did not please the authorities of St. Petersburg, they complained to him. Catherine decided that it would be more reliable to keep the poet with him and not to assign any business to him. By her order, Derzhavin arrived in the capital and spent more than 2 years living there idly. Only in 1791 Catherine gave him the post: Derzhavin, G.R. became his personal secretary on complaints. His biography changed significantly from that time on. In 1793 Derzhavin became a senator, and later president of the commercial college. The poet became rich enough and could afford to buy himself a house on the Fontanka. In the same year, his first wife died. Soon Gavrila Romanovich married again, now on a friend of the deceased - Daria Dyakova.

New appointments

In 1796, after the death of the empress, Paul I defined the poet as the ruler of the Council. Because of his insolent behavior, Derzhavin G.R. did not stay there for long. His biography, however, did not suffer much: he had to write a commendable ode to the emperor, as he again received several high appointments in a row. When the emperor became Alexander I, he gave Derzhavin the post of Minister of Justice. True, Gavrila Romanovich did not stay on this post for a long time, because, according to the ruler, "he was too zealous".

The last years of Derzhavin's life

In 1809, the poet was finally removed from all cases. He lived then in the estate, then in Petersburg. Derzhavin did not have any heirs. He was engaged in raising the children of his deceased friend. Liked to welcome Gavrila Romanovich and talented young people. It is known that he approved the first experiments of Pushkin and many other poets who later became famous. Gavrila Romanovich survived the invasion of Napoleon and the expulsion of his army from the country. The poet Derzhavin died, whose biography was so full, in the summer of 1816 in his own estate. He was buried in the church of the nunnery, located near Novgorod.