Alexei Pleshcheev: biography. Years of the life of the poet Pleshcheyev

Nikolai Alekseevich Pleshcheev, whose biography will be briefly described in the article, is a vivid representative of the n intelligentsia of the XIX century. He was a prose writer, poet, translator, literary critic, public figure and revolutionary.

The beginning of the life path

Pleshcheyev's life was full of events, rich in memorable facts. A writer was born in a family that belonged to an old noble family. This joyful event occurred at the beginning of the winter of 1825 in Kostroma. Since 1826, the family lived in Nizhny Novgorod, where the father of the future poet was transferred to the civil service. However, soon the head of the family dies, and the boy remains in the care of his mother.

In 1839, the future poet Pleshcheyev, along with her, moved to live in St. Petersburg. Here he decides to devote his life to military service and goes to study at the School of Guards Sub-Lieutenants and Cavalry Junkers. But, after studying in an educational institution for two years, the young man understands that this is not his destiny. He leaves his studies and enters the St. Petersburg University at the Faculty of History and Philosophy. The subject of his study are Oriental languages.

The circle of Pleshcheyev's acquaintances by this time is already very wide, despite his young age. He is familiar with such famous people as Pletnev, Grigorovich, Krayevsky, Goncharov, Dostoevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin.

Social activity

In the middle of the XIX century among the noble youth was considered prestigious to be in various social movements, circles, parties. The young Pleshcheyev did not stay away from modern trends. The biography of the poet is full of information about his participation in such organizations, including revolutionary ones. All these passions were passionate and had a direct impact on the fate of the poet.
So, for example, being influenced by the influence of Beketov, who was in charge of one of the student circles, Pleshcheev cooled to school and left the university in 1845, without completing his studies. At the same time, he began attending the meetings of Petrashevsky's circle. But the young poet had a special attraction to the circle of Durov, where not so much political as literature interests prevailed.

Early Creativity

Pleshcheev's poems began to appear in print since 1844, mainly in such well-known at that time publications as Otechestvennye zapiski, Sovremennik, Literaturnaya gazeta, and The Library for Reading. In the poems relating to the early period of creativity, the influence of the works of Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov is clearly felt.

Poetry Pleshcheyev inherent motifs of sadness, loneliness, romance. In the second half of the fortieth years the poet's poetry is filled with energy of protest, a call to struggle with injustice, oppression. The revolutionary character of Pleshcheyev's poems did not go unnoticed either by fans of his talent or by the authorities.

Years of Reference

In 1849, in Moscow, along with other freethinkers who belonged to Petrashevists, Pleshcheyev was arrested. Biography of the poet was replenished with one more page of life. After his arrest, he was taken to Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, where he was imprisoned for about eight months. December 22 at Semenovskiy parade ground was awaiting execution, which at the very last moment was replaced by four-year hard labor, deprivation of all rights to inheritance of status and military rank.

Pleshcheev was sent to the city of Uralsk, in a separate Orenburg building, as an ordinary. Since 1852, the service was held in Orenburg, where for special merits he was elevated to the rank of non-commissioned officer, and in 1856 the officer rank was restored. In 1857 Nikolai Alexeyevich Pleshcheyev was returned to the rank of nobleman.

Over the years of exile, the poet is approaching people close to him in spirit, such as Taras Shevchenko, poet Mikhailov, Polish revolutionaries. The lyrics of the poet also change. In verse, sincerity appears, and one's own view of certain aspects of life is felt. At the same time, a cycle of poems about the love lyrics is being born. They were devoted to the future wife of Nikolai Alekseevich.

After the link

The years of life of the poet Pleshcheyev can be divided into two periods - before and after the link. Time spent in harsh conditions, only tempered the character of the poet, but did not make him change the progressive ideas.

In 1858, Pleshcheyev came to Petersburg and met here with Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, Nekrasov. In 1859 he moved to live in Moscow. Here he is actively engaged in literary activity. The most famous representatives of the Russian intelligentsia, such as Leo Tolstoy, Nikolai Nekrasov, Ivan Turgenev, Pyotr Tchaikovsky and many other writers, poets, actors, musicians, attended the creative evenings that Pleshcheev arranged in his house.

Educational work

Many years of Pleshcheyev's life were devoted to educational activities, which had a pedagogical orientation. In 1861, together with Berg, he published the reader "Children's book", in 1873, with the joint work with Alexandrov, a collection for children appears, where the best works of Russian classical and modern literature are placed. In addition to literary publications, on the initiative of Pleshcheyev educational and educational collections on geography are issued. In total, seven books of different subjects were prepared and produced.

Writer and translator

In those years of Pleshcheyev's life, when he worked as an interpreter, his whole literary talent manifested itself. Many verse translations from French, German, English, Slavic languages, made by Nikolai Alekseevich, are still considered the best. Often the poet took up works that had not been translated into Russian before. Per Pleshcheyev also owns some scientific translations on historical and sociological themes. Literary criticism also interested Nikolai Alekseevich, she has a special place in his work.

Throughout his creative activity, the poet did not abandon his work on prose. But I must say that the works created by him did not go beyond the traditions existing at that time. Some of the stories and stories can be called autobiographical.

Speaking about the fact that the years of the life of the poet Pleshcheyev were filled with bright events, meetings, acquaintances, hobbies, we can not help saying that Nikolai Alekseevich was addicted to the theater. Pleshcheev himself was an excellent reader. He understood and loved theatrical art. From the poet's pen came plays that were staged on the stages of the leading theaters of the country.

Literary heritage

Nikolai Alekseyevich Pleshcheev, whose biography can only evoke the admiration of his descendants, left behind a rich cultural heritage.

Pleshcheyev's original and translated poems enchant with their melody. That is why they did not go unnoticed by such great composers as Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Cui, Grechaninov, Rachmaninoff. More than a hundred poetic works of the poet are laid on music, being examples of art. About 13 original and 30 transferable theatrical plays belong to Nikolai Alekseevich. Some of them are still included in the repertoire of the country's theaters.
Pleshcheyev's hundreds of poems are published in collections. Many, becoming classical, are included in the textbook on literary reading.

Pleshcheyev's life ended on September 26, 1893 in Paris, but Nikolai Alexeyevich was buried in Moscow.