Why do pimples appear? What is acne? The reason for the appearance, treatment of medicines and folk remedies

Skin in the adolescent period in humans is the most vivid example of how acne appears and develops. What is this skin disease that occurs due to glitches in the glands producing oily grease? Depending on the reason causing such a violation, they may have different sources and mechanisms of development. How can I get rid of a small cosmetic defect on my own, and when is it necessary to help a qualified doctor?

What pimples and non-inflammatory comedones are

In the structure of the skin, the root of each hair is in a kind of "sac" - a follicle or a hair bulb. Around it are sebaceous glands producing lubrication for the stem and the surrounding skin. Fat, through which the body protects the dermis from dryness and attacks of adverse environmental factors, can cause the appearance of a variety of skin defects, and even diseases. If one of the causes of the mouth of the follicles or ducts is clogged with dust, dirt or cosmetics, a dense plug is formed - a comedo. In the case when the sebaceous secret is accumulated from above, an open comedon is formed, which resembles a white stopper in the pore. Later it oxidizes, acquiring a black color, and points appear on the face or body with characteristic black heads. There are also internal (or subcutaneous) non-inflammatory acne. What are they and how are they formed? This process is identical to the external one, but it occurs in the deep layer of the skin: the ducts expand, and because of excessive accumulation of skin secret there is a closed comedone in the form of an internal adipose. While there is no infection in the comedo, it does not develop inflammation.

Classification of inflammatory acne (blackheads)

Open and closed comedones that do not have inflammatory reactions are the initial signs of the appearance of acne. Proper care for the face and body at home, regular calls to the beautician help quickly get rid of such skin defects, restore health and beauty of the natural cover. If you continue to ignore the emerging comedones on the forehead, chin, back, other parts of the body, then in the sealed pores, as in the containers, there will be an active multiplication of bacteria, as a result of which the follicle will become inflamed along with the surrounding tissues and suppuration will occur.

Under the pressure of this mass, the wall of the hair follicle can burst, and thus a pimple will appear. Inflammatory pimples in adults and adolescents are divided into papules, which are pink or red nodules, raised above the epidermis, in which there is no white content; Pustules are pimples with pus (in diameter from one to ten millimeters), having a white head, they are surrounded by a inflamed derma. Changing the color of pustules means joining a secondary infection. These spherical, cone-shaped or flat formations can not be treated or exerted independently, as there is a high probability of infection of the blood. Such acne should be shown to the doctor-dermatologist, to undergo examination and to carry out his recommendations. Deep fading acne is an indurated infiltrate with a bluish tinge above the surface of the skin. Such acne is the result of a neglected stage of acne, which can turn into a conglobate shape, when several such blue flat spots merge into a painful focus.

The causes of acne and acne

Factors contributing to the formation of acne or provoking their appearance, there are many. To identify the root cause of this process helps medical examination. In the first place in terms of prevalence there is a surge in the production of hormones and their release into the bloodstream. Most often, it occurs in adolescents, during the restructuring of the body, when intense sexual maturation occurs, making acne on the face a cause of serious distress. After overcoming the 25-year boundary, acne in any person becomes an occasion to appeal to a dermatologist and clarify its etiology: an imbalance in the hormonal sphere associated with pregnancy, endocrine diseases, the use of contraceptives or steroids; Violations of the gastrointestinal tract; Malnutrition (due to abuse of fast food, sweets, fatty foods); Decreased immune defense; Disruptions in metabolism; Genetic predisposition; Gynecological problems; Illiterate or uncontrolled care of the face and body; Excessive entrainment of the solarium or aggressive peelings; Failures in the thermoregulation of the body (its supercooling or overheating); Demodecosis - subcutaneous tick; The presence of bad habits. Disorders of the sebaceous glands also occur in conditions of stress, when the adrenal glands activate their work; From excessive hygiene of the skin, with frequent use of antibacterial agents that destroy the protective lipid film and open the infection to the pores; With hyperkeratosis - the accumulation of dead skin cells of the epidermis on the surface of the skin; When it is damaged, causing subsequent inflammation; When using drugs containing barbiturates, halogens or lithium, as well as when working with toxic drugs.

Pimple localization

Problem areas with single acne or multiple rashes can form on the forehead and nose, in the area of the lips and on the back.

The most prone area for the appearance of acne is the T-zone of the face, where a large number of sebaceous and sweat glands is concentrated. However, the cause of acne on the back does not differ from the causes of rashes on the face and other parts of the body. At professional athletes, bodybuilders or amateur athletes actively engaged in training, the back is often covered with sweat, which promotes the accumulation in the pores of the greasy secretion and contamination of the ducts. This leads to inflammatory processes and the appearance of acne. The problem areas with acne on the forehead testify to the dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract associated with malnutrition, intoxication of the body, constipation and other disorders of the digestive process.

When you have acne on your nose, what's going on in the body? It can be cold internal formations, problems with the endocrine and digestive system, pancreas, weakened immune defense. If at the tip of the nose the patient has papules, then the doctors examine the condition of his cardiovascular system. The appearance of acne in the bridge of the nose indicates a malfunction with blood circulation (presence of anemia) or liver dysfunction. Papules on the lips, not associated with herpes, can indicate an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane, and hormonal acne under the lower lip - is the result of the reception of contraceptives. Examination of women with pimples around the lips can reveal gynecological disruptions.

Stages of acne

In dermatologists it is customary to distinguish the extent of acne skin lesions by the nature of the formations and their number: the first - several comedones (open and closed) on the forehead, nose and chin - no more than 5-6 formations on any part of the face. Allowed self-treatment if the development of the disease is stopped and there are no traces; The second - a moderate manifestation of acne - differs from the previous presence of pimples of closed type, pustules and redheads, but not more than 11 papules and pustules. In this case, home treatment of minor defects is possible, but if they do not pass for 20-21 day, then a visit to the dermatologist is mandatory. The third degree of acne is considered a severe form of the skin disease, characterized by a variety of different acne (up to four dozen), some of which are prone to inflammation and suppuration. In the focus there are signs of post-acne (scars, spots and scars). They grow uncontrollably, grabbing neighboring areas of the skin, causing pimples on the face bring moral suffering. To press such acne can not be treated without the help of a professional, too, since these factors threaten the appearance of ugly scars on the surface of the face or contamination of blood in inept treatment. The fourth degree of acne is the presence of numerous foci with acne of a variety of shades, sizes, dark spots and large scars. In places of lesions, conglomerates of several acne, cysts and knots may appear, which, with insignificant friction, begin to fester and bleed. Such complex acne (acne, acne) treatment should be received without delay, visit the dermatologist in this case can not be postponed, because you can "earn" dangerous consequences for the health and beauty of the skin.

Adolescents

Teenagers are particularly sensitive to their appearance, so the arising non-aesthetic pimples spoil their mood and cause a lot of trouble. Already in 12-15 years, when there is sexual maturation, you need to carefully care for the skin. At an early stage of acne, the active work of the sebaceous glands leads to the fact that the skin looks unaesthetic. Fat spots, inflammation, pimples and acne are the result of raging hormones, the secretion of which by the age of 25 is normalized, and then hormone pimples will pass by themselves. But to get a beautiful skin without waiting for a cherished time, you need to wash yourself in the morning without applying soap, and in the evening, before going to bed, you can use it or take a cleanser with a moisturizing effect if the skin is a combination of the face. Every 7-10 days (if there are no inflammations or abscesses), it is necessary to perform the peeling procedure using a scrub (ground coffee powder (or its spiked precipitate), sea salt, Hercules, soda). You can also use cosmetic scrubs from the store, suitable for the type of skin. You can only dissolve the pores in cases where there are no inflammations on the surface of the epidermis.

Important!

Why can not you squash pimples on your face to adults and teenagers? If the skin is damaged, an infection can be introduced, leading to the formation of unaesthetic scars. Internal pimples located in the deep layers of the dermis, when squeezed out, can move the contents of the eel inwards, causing a complication in the form of even more inflammation or condensation on the skin with blockage of many sebaceous glands, and lead to blood infection. An unhealthy painful pimple can be turned into a cold cyst as a result of mechanical action - a seal provoking a swelling of skin tissues. Considering the problem, why it is impossible to suppress acne on the face, experts warn that the close arrangement of blood vessels under pressure can help block blood flow, creating an additional purulent focus. In areas with a thin and delicate derma (around the eyes, lips, temples), scars are often formed. You can not also touch the so-called death triangle with closely located blood vessels - the area from the bridge of the nose to the chin, including nasolabial folds and the area around the mouth.

How to get rid of acne in adolescence: a comprehensive treatment

Acne in young people - a phenomenon not uncommon. Fight with acne should start with a visit to a dermatologist. He will conduct a complete examination and identify the main cause, due to which there are skin defects. Very often, along with the appointment of medications, the doctor recommends a healthy diet that reduces the amount of harmful additives in food (preservatives, colorings, emulsifiers, stabilizers, chemicals), as well as eliminating the use of fast food, carbonated drinks, fatty, acute, confectionery and other harmful products . Replace them with sour milk beverages and cottage cheese, cereals, vegetables and fruits, honey (if there is no allergy), lean meat and fish, other dietary dishes. To restore the hydration of the skin to young people a day you need to drink at least one and a half liters of clean water (without gas), a little green or herbal tea. All this will help to get rid of such an adversity as teenage pimples more quickly .

What are the last represent, we have already said, but not all know that sometimes they arise against the background of the transferred stresses, and then the doctor recommends the taking of soothing drugs or dietary supplements. In addition, the dermatologist can prescribe a home or professional skin care in accordance with the aesthetic task. If the process is not started, it is enough for adolescents to use non-medicated uncooked cosmetics without alcohol compounds, sunscreens, optimal nutrition and moisturizing the skin. In addition to the dietary supplement - beer yeast with zinc (or sulfur) - the doctor can prescribe antiseptics for the care of the outer layer of the skin, adsorbents that improve metabolic processes in the body and cleanse it from toxins from the inside, antibiotics that fight pathological organisms and hormones if in They are necessary. Simultaneously, the doctor prescribes vitamin-mineral complexes, soothing capsules. The independent use of pharmaceutical products on the advice of friends and girlfriends, as a rule, does not lead to a complete cure for acne. A visit to the cosmetologist should also be agreed with the doctor, when the teenager will need professional care for the dermis and there will be no inflammatory foci on the skin.

Medication for acne

Despite the availability of many drugs for acne and acne, they should be appointed by a specialist! Self-medication does not eliminate the cause of the disease and leads to the emergence of an increasing number of foci, complicates the further struggle with it. At the same time, the condition of the skin deteriorates. From medications, the doctor can prescribe ointments (retinoic - "Airol", "Retinol A" or salicylic), "Boltushka" - a suspension with an anabiotic and zinc or sulfur, lotion "Zinerit" with erythromycin, cream "Azelik-Gel" or "Skinoren" "Based on azelaic acid," Baziron AS "(benzoyl peroxide)," Differin "(" Adapalen "or" Clenzite ") and" Effezel "," Klindovit "(analogue of" Dalacin ")," Curious "or" Regecine "with Active ingredient of zinc hyaluronate. Against the backdrop of acne treatment, the dermatocosmetologist can recommend the hardware procedures: deep cleansing of the face with ultrasound or vacuum, chemical peeling, laser resurfacing, cryo-or mesotherapy, various types of dermabrasion, ozone-oxygen treatment, ELOS-therapy and many other methods of getting rid of defects Skin, caused by acne.

Home mask from acne and black spots

If there are no inflammatory processes on the skin, and the problem focus occupies no more than 25% of the surface of the face, acne and black spots can be neutralized with self-prepared cosmetic agents made of clay, egg whites, vegetables (cucumbers, pumpkins or carrots), baking soda, Oat flakes or oatmeal, powder from algae (fucus or kelp). Mask from acne and black dots from clay clears and whitens the skin, narrows the pores, normalizes the secretion of sebum, exfoliates the dead cells, has anti-inflammatory effect. Tea tree oil works as a powerful antiseptic, has an antibacterial effect on the skin. It can be applied both in a pure form (if there is no allergy), and drip into any liked mask. Protein-lemon composition perfectly cleans fatty, problematic skin, eliminates comedones, narrows pores, fights acne, dries pimples and inflammations, brightens unnecessarily pigmented areas. To make a preparation, squeeze the lemon juice - 1 teaspoonful - and mix it with one egg whisk, whisking in a mixer at a slow speed. The prepared mass is applied in several layers as the applied coating dries. After repeating the procedure 3-4 times, leave the layers to dry until the last. At the end of the session, rinse the leftovers with warm water and apply moisturizing cream. The soda mass with cucumber is prepared from the calculation: 1 grated vegetable - 0.5 tsp. Drinking soda. Apply the mixture immediately after preparation.

Simple and effective mask with activated charcoal and gelatin: recipe

Mask-film with charcoal is incredibly popular among women due to its ability to give the skin a new life. The stunning effect of a clean fresh face can be obtained with the help of several recipes. To improve the effectiveness of the procedure (if there is no inflammation on the skin and purulent acne) it is necessary to steam up the face. For the mixture will need 1 tablet of activated charcoal, 1 tsp. Powder of gelatin and a tablespoon of milk (it can be replaced with water or juice of a favorite fruit (vegetable).) Crush the coal and combine it with gelatin, then pour in cold milk or other liquid and put it in a microwave for 15 seconds.Warm mixture is applied with a brush or cotton pad on The direction from the chin up several layers.To talk during the procedure is impossible.On the drying, the formed film must be gently picked from the bottom of the chin and pull it upward.On the film from the inside you can see the pores removed from the pores Comedones.This looks like a mask with activated charcoal and gelatin.The recipe can be varied depending on the purpose and imagination, adding kefir and serum, honey and juice of berries, aroma oil and clay (blue or green), rose water and aloe juice.