Who is Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov: Biography and Creativity

Only an irrepressible passion for knowledge helped the son of a peasant to become the founder of such areas of science as natural science, chemistry, astronomy, instrument making, geography, metallurgy, geology, and philology. Lomonosov is one of the most striking examples of climbing the social ladder from the bottom to the very tops.

Childhood

Mikhail Lomonosov was born on November 8 (19), 1711, in the village of Mishaninskaya Kurostrovskaya Volost, Dvinsky Uyezd, Arkhangelsk Gubernia. Now the town is named after the great scientist - the village of Lomonosovo.

Father - a wealthy peasant Vasily Dorofeevich. Mother, Elena Ivanovna, left our world when the boy was only nine years old.

The family owned a rather large plot of land. The main profit was brought by fisheries. The Lomonosov family belonged to experienced seafarers. Already from the age of ten and the young Misha took part in campaigns. Along with fishing, the boy liked to read. The clerk of the local church taught him this tricky business. Then the boy wrote his full name on paper - Lomonosov Mikhail Vasilyevich. Biography of the scientist says that the work of his teacher was writing letters, petitions and business correspondence.

When the boy was thirteen, his father married for the third time. With the stepmother, the relationship was not immediately taken care of. And a year later, in a harsh winter, Lomonosov, who briefly described the biography of which is very difficult, left the house quietly. He was lucky - in the right direction was sent a fish train, to which the future scientist joined. The boy went to conquer Moscow, where no one yet knew who Lomonosov was.

Hard choice

In tsarist Russia, higher education could be obtained only in three large cities. Of course, these were Moscow, St. Petersburg and Kiev. Of the options presented, Mikhail Lomonosov chose the first. His path to knowledge took more than three weeks.

Start date

In January 1731, the boy successfully entered the school. Teachers learned who Lomonosov was: first and foremost a diligent student, who with his whole nature strove for sciences. All his free time he spent studying the library books.

For the tuition they even paid a very small salary, for which it was possible to get only a little bread and kvass. More than once Lomonosov grieved over the poverty that had befallen him, but never seriously thought about quitting his studies and returning to his native village, where his father wanted to marry him to one of the local beauties.

The future scientist was clearly more developed than his peers. Therefore, in one year he could jump at once two or three classes. He had a good command of Latin and Greek.

St. Petersburg

In 1735, as part of the twelve most successful pupils, he was transferred to study at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Who such Lomonosov, could personally observe the stars of science. All the main disciplines were represented in this educational institution.

Life was more than modest. But the academy gave out clothes, and in the rooms there was simple furniture.

Every morning began with the lesson of intensified learning of the German language. In addition to philology and writing poetry, the scientist was engaged in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and mineralogy.

The diligent student quickly became familiar, and very soon none of the teachers had a question about who Lomonosov was.

German period of life

In 1736 a group of students, including Mikhail Vasilievich, was sent to study in Germany.

The main task was to teach the mining industry for the purpose of further teaching in the institutes. No one was surprised that there was Lomonosov in the group.

The next five years of the scientist's life were in Germany and partly in Holland. The result of this period was deep knowledge in physics, chemistry, mining. Even life in debt and half-starving did not disappoint Mikhail Vasilievich in the correctness of the chosen direction.

Family life

In 1739, after quarreling with the teacher, Lomonosov, whose biography is presented in the article, leaves training and tries to return to Russia. He does not succeed. He marries the daughter of the mistress of the house in which he rented a house - Elizabeth Tsilh. In the same year, a young couple has a daughter. Unfortunately, the girl did not live long, she died in 1743.

In December 1741 the boy Ivan was born. But not surviving two months, the child died. In February 1749, the daughter of Elena was born.

Return to Russia

In June 1741, Lomonosov returned to his native Academy of Sciences and, together with Professor I. Amman, began collecting minerals and fossils. He grows like a poet. Translates articles from German magazines. Begins to conduct experiments as an inventor. Soon after, he will have the opportunity to teach and take part in academic meetings independently. Soon the world saw the first theses in physics and chemistry.

In June 1745, Mikhail Vasilievich received the title of professor of chemistry at the St. Petersburg Academy. On the personal petition of the scientist, the construction of a chemical laboratory was begun, which was completed two years later.

In 1748, the Historical Department was opened, in which Lomonosov took an active part.

In the same year, Mikhail Vasilievich became a journalist. The activity began with translations of foreign letters for the newspaper "St. Petersburg Vedomosti".

Further activities

After rapprochement with the favorite of the Empress, Ivan Shuvalov, Lomonosov gets the opportunity to promote his ideas at the highest level.

So, under his influence, in 1755 the Moscow University was opened with the training of an overseas model.

Already in 1756, Lomonosov began an active struggle to educate children of the lower classes in the gymnasiums and universities. In part, he succeeds.

In 1758, he became head of the Geographical Department. A colossal work is being done to create an atlas of Russia.

In 1763 Catherine II made a scientist in state councilors.

In the same year he received the title of a member of the Academy of Arts for his work with mosaics.

Memory

In 1765, Mikhail Vasilyevich is seriously ill. Unfortunately, he was not cured. The great scientist died on April 4 (15), 1765. He was buried at the Lazarevsky cemetery in St. Petersburg.

Lomonosov is a unique scientist who was able to prove himself in practically all branches of science: physics, chemistry, literature, languages. In addition, the world saw many of his inventions. He is one of the few who was able to solve the secret of coloring the glass in red. His work with mosaics for a long time amazed the minds of contemporaries. The work was very lengthy, tense and painstaking. I used a variety of optical instruments of my own making. An ardent fighter with injustice. A practical scientist who was not only a critic, but also a worthy suggestion for replacing a hypothesis that did not satisfy him. Work on mining and metallurgy to this day can interest specialists. In general, Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was an outstanding personality.

The memory of him will be transmitted for a long time from generation to generation.