When was Tyutchev born and dead? Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev: biography

The great Russian poet Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev is familiar to a very wide circle of readers. Many of his works are familiar from school times. But when Tyutchev was born and died, the poet's biography and creative motives, very few people knew, or perhaps many simply forgot.

Childhood of Fyodor Ivanovich

Fedor Tyutchev was born in the village of Ovstug, about 30 kilometers north of Bryansk, in 1803. The village was located on the bank of the Desna River. The boy was brought up in a family where they spoke only French. And not only in the childhood years of Tyutchev's life it was possible to notice that basically he uses this language. His letters in the overwhelming majority, articles written in subsequent years, and even some of the verses - all in French.

At the age of twelve, the boy had already translated Horace into Russian, and the first poem was written at sixteen. Those who knew him as a child noted his quick mind, remarkable erudition and even the poetic gift that the young Tyutchev already possessed. To put it briefly about the formation of Fedor Ivanovich, we can note several main stages of his education. In 1812 Tiutchev was entrusted to the care of the family teacher Semyon Raich. From 1819 to 1822 he studied at the Moscow University. And already at the age of nineteen he entered the civil service in the Department of Foreign Affairs of St. Petersburg.

Career of the poet, or Life abroad

Of course, it is important to know when Tyutchev was born and died, but first of all, it is worth talking about his life, career and creative path. Fyodor Ivanovich never considered himself a professional poet. He often forgot the texts of poetry in books. Sometimes they were found after his death. And very often Tyutchev did not care about that his works were published. He did not have a career as a poet. That is why Tyutchev's poetry did not have such popularity, as, for example, Pushkin or Nekrasov.

He very early, still young, in 1822, left Russia and lived mainly in Germany, then a little in Italy, served as a diplomat. All this time, Fyodor Ivanovich did not speak much Russian at home. He was not an easy professional poet, and even Russian used it quite seldom. Fyodor Ivanovich was a diplomat, and if Tyutchev's whole life was connected with his diplomatic career, then its very significant segment was connected.

Famous political writer

But the career achievements of Fedor Tyutchev as a diplomat were not too impressive. In 1841, he even was sent into retirement and expelled from the foreign affairs department. His significant achievements were different. Fyodor Ivanovich was a man able to communicate with intellectual centers throughout Europe, which was accepted on an equal footing in England, Germany and France by the main political thinkers of the time.

Tyutchev was one of the most influential political publicists. Later, in the memoirs of people who worked at that time in the military and foreign affairs agencies of all the countries listed, there were references to his articles, which were published in the European press. They said that it was in them that they felt the sense in world history and saw the outlines of future wars in Europe.

Not a career diplomat, but one of the main European historical and political thinkers. That's what the inconspicuous Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev was. And this is also necessary to know. Since this is also part of the biography of the poet. And not only information about when Tyutchev was born and died.

The poet and diplomat

Career Tyutchev as a poet is very intermittent. Even before his departure abroad, he began to publish in magazines and almanacs. But most often Fyodor Ivanovich signed initials. Tyutchev was born in 1803, and already in 1822 his writing career was cut short and he for a long time disappeared from the view of the Russian reader. However, in 1836 an event occurred, which in many ways predetermined the fate of Russian poetry. At this time, Alexander Pushkin founded his journal Contemporary.

The publication in this magazine is amazing. Here Feodor Ivanovich immediately appears as a brilliant and outstanding poet. But very few people then realized that this is the poetry of Tyutchev, a diplomat who lives abroad. The real career of Fedor Tyutchev as a poet began in 1850.

Return to Russia

Despite the fact that Tyutchev's long years of life were connected with foreign countries, he finally returned to Russia a few years before 1850. Serves, holds a number of high posts. Fyodor Ivanovich was an official on special assignments under the tsar, he worked in the department of foreign censorship.

And now, at this time, all in the same magazine "Contemporary", where Nekrasov has already become the leader and very famous personalities of that time are being published, an article appears, which describes the work of some poets. Including Fedor Ivanovich, as well as his initials are deciphered.

Finally, after this publication, a new poet, Fyodor Tyutchev, entered the mind of the Russian reader. And already in 1854 he published a collection of his poems. But his unprofessional attitude to poetry continues to persist.

Several cycles, of which the poet's work consists

Returning to the poems of Fedor Tyutchev, it should be noted that the entire small volume of the poet's works can be divided into three equal parts. These are political verses that are not often mentioned and do not always read aloud. Then come the philosophical ones that are most famous, and they are very easy to identify. In them, basically, people always remain alone with nature.

And the third cycle was called "Denisyevsky", after the surname of the civil wife of Fedor Ivanovich, the mother of three of his children - Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva. These works had a huge influence on Russian poetry. They were a kind of lyric diary. They often talked about a specific person. These poems became the story of the poet's love for Elena Alexandrovna.

Family history Tyutchev, or tragic events in the fate of the poet

Passionate affair with Denisyeva lasted for fourteen years. He ended with a terrible shock for the poet. The wife dies of tuberculosis in 1864. The following years are often overshadowed by tragic events. Almost immediately after the death of Elena Aleksandrovna, their common son and daughter leave their lives. A year later, Tiutchev's mother dies, in 1870 - Dmitry, the eldest son.

Perhaps, against the backdrop of these events, which wave covered the poet, the health of Fyodor Ivanovich deteriorated sharply. And, probably, here you can answer the question of many readers about when Tyutchev was born and died. Born in 1803 and lived a bright and rich life, the poet died in 1873 from an apoplectic attack.

Fyodor Ivanovich thinks in verse

The most surprising property of Fedor Ivanovich's poetry is that it is inherent in the complete identification of nature with man. The poet Tyutchev gives her soul, feelings and even speech. It is completely similar to man. Drawing attention to many fragments of Fedor Ivanovich's lyrics, it can be concluded that the poet very often uses grammatical forms of words or accents, which are not very familiar to the hearing of a simple reader. The whole point is that Tyutchev is archaic not only for modern times, but also from the point of view of the nineteenth century.

Life Tiutchev Fyodor Ivanovich was not short, if you compare it with the poets, early gone of life, such as Pushkin or Lermontov. But, nevertheless, all the lyrical works written by him, as a rule, are placed in one volume. But even this has a profound meaning. Tyutchev thinks in verse, so one and the same image or concept passes through different works.

And the solution of Lyudmila Fedor Tyutchev's lyrics is that the reader can not understand the meaning of a word, based only on one verse. It is necessary to read a few where this word occurs, and only then it will be possible to see how the energy of the value grows and comes to an end. Tyutchev does not just describe nature, he seems to be developing a language or thinking in Russian.

"Thinking" poetry of Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev transformed the whole of Russian culture. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev once said that the work of Fyodor Tyutchev can not be argued. Because someone who is not able to experience the works of this author, does not feel poetry at all.