What plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia: names and descriptions

The Red Book of Russia is a unique publication containing a list of rare and endangered plants, mushrooms, insects, birds and animals. It should be studied at school, so that the younger generation knew how to conserve and multiply the natural wealth for subsequent generations.

general characteristics

Red books are different: national, international and regional. The first attempts to unite all disappearing representatives of flora and fauna in one edition of humanity took 50 years ago. In 1963, the first, still very meager list came out. It was decided to call it red, because it is this color that signals the important, what should be highlighted and emphasized.

When our state gained independence, it had its own list of endangered species of flora and fauna - the Red Book of Russia. What plants and animals went there, you can see in the copy for 2001. This is the last complete edition, supplemented and refined. As for the volume dedicated to the flora, it was updated in 2008.

It is known that at the end of 2015 a new Red Book of Russia will be published. This was recently reported by Sergei Donskoy, Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology. According to him, leading experts of the country are working on its content, which from the list erase obsolete samples and enter new copies.

Medicinal plants of the Red Data Book of Russia

There are a lot of them. Using such plants in folk medicine, a man thoughtlessly destroys living specimens in nature. Often, tearing the stalk from the root, he does not allow him to re-start the sprout next spring. At the same time, it is known that many inland residents are engaged in gathering. They do not care about their own health as they do from this profitable business: the herbs are sold to pharmaceutical companies or procuring organizations. For example, in only one Omsk region, medicinal plants are harvested by about 110 thousand people. In fact, these are all village men and women of working age.

What plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia? Of medicinal it is, first of all, ginseng ordinary, rhodiola rosea, pine forest, belladonna, or belladonna, colchicum magnificent and others. Such plants for medical needs are often grown on specially created fields for this purpose. Hence, they are later disrupted by professional biologists, while observing all the rules of collection.

Ginseng

Rare plants of the Red Book of Russia are under the untiring care and protection of the state. Among them, ginseng is a real miracle of the world of flora. In many countries it is considered a cure for all ailments, even from the Latin language the name of the plant is translated as a "panacea".

The most valuable thing about ginseng is its root. In length, it often reaches 15 centimeters. From him grow numerous branches, taking often a bizarre form. It is believed that the use of ginseng root will not only be able to rid itself of diseases, but also preserve vitality and youth, even in the elderly.

Like all plants of the Red Book of Russia, the description of which you will find on the pages of the last edition, ginseng does not grow on the whole territory of our country. He is more attracted to the land of the Far East, Khabarovsk and Primorye. It is interesting that in nature his appearance is associated with the intervention of the Gods. In China, it is believed that it is the lightning strike into the source that causes the water to go underground, and the ginseng "root of life" blessed in its place grows in its place.

Belladonna

It is also known as the belladonna. Belladonna and ginseng are not only medicinal, but also forest plants of the Red Book of Russia. The first occurs in the grassy form on the fringes, the second is in the form of a shrub and is sometimes located even in the depths of the leafy thicket. Fruit - a dark blue berry the size of a cherry. They can not be, because they are very poisonous. After swallowing several berries, even an adult gets a severe form of poisoning, not to mention children.

Belladonna is common in the Southern and Central regions of Russia. Her healing properties were solved by our ancestors. In ancient times, women squeezed juice from the berries and buried it in the eyes. It widened the pupils, the gaze became clear and brilliant. If the juice was rubbed into the skin of the face, then the cheeks became rosy from this, the skin looked healthy. Belladonna is listed in the Red Book as a valuable pharmacological material. In addition, it is grown in the Krasnodar Territory in specially created for this farm.

Pine

What plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia? Know that these are not only herbaceous specimens, like ginseng, and artisanal like belladonna. There are trees among them. For example, pine. There are many varieties of it, under the protection of the state are five of them: European cedar, grave, chalk, Eldar and Pitsunda.

In Russia, pine is usually found in coniferous forests: near peat bogs, on mountain slopes and on their highest peaks. He loves a different climate: both moderate in botanical gardens, and hard, at an altitude of about two thousand meters. In pine, cedar cones are especially appreciated . Their seeds, which are also called nuts, contain a lot of nutrients, vitamins, oils and acids.

Healing properties of pine fruit were discovered in the 18th century. They brewed them, made from them alcoholic tinctures and ointments. It was believed that the "pine nuts" are able not only to regain youth, but also the lost male power. Nowadays, milk made on the basis of cones, helps with diseases of the bladder and kidneys.

Flowers in the Red Data Book of Russia

Unfortunately, this edition includes not only simple plants, bushes and trees, but flowers. People cut off snowdrops in the forests, not paying attention that they are under threat of extinction. Just for the sake of profit and short-term pleasure from a flowering branch, they destroy entire glades of rare specimens.

Because of human greed and lack of culture, the pearl of any lake will disappear completely from the face of the Earth - an elegant water lily. All less often you can see bells, irises, peonies in the field or in the forest. Mankind risks losing irretrievably many kinds of spring flowers: an oak forest, a medlunitsa, a European bathing-place.

Therefore, many of them the state took under its own protection and severely suppress any violations in this area. It is known that in Moscow and other Russian cities it is forbidden to collect flowers in forest-park areas. Herbs need to learn to protect from childhood, so that in the future our planet has not lost its main treasure.

Water lily

Ecology lessons should be held in each school so that children already from early childhood knew which plants are included in the Red Book of Russia. Perhaps in this way it will be possible to save some species from complete extinction, including the beautiful queen of water - the water lily. Every year the amount of this flower decreases in geometric progression.

They bloom for a long time, almost all the warm season - from May to August. In the morning, with the first rays of the sun, the bud opens. In the evening he tightly closes the petals. A stunning spectacle can be seen at dawn: flowers come out from the depths of the lake on their boat-leaves and open to meet a new day. This wonderful phenomenon humanity can soon be forever lost, so the flower "sheltered" on its pages the Red Book of Russia (plants).

The water lily is not only a beautiful representative of the flora, it also has magical properties. At least in this our ancestors believed. They believed that it revives in man the power to defeat the enemy, but also guards and protects him from troubles, envy and sorrows. If a scoundrel touched her with dirty thoughts and a dark soul, then the water lily was even able to destroy him. Believers wore a dried flower as a charm, putting it into an incense.

Violet

The list of plants in the Red Book of Russia includes this beautiful and delicate flower. He loves the soil near reservoirs, on the fringes of forests, especially conifers, on stony slopes. You can meet him in the Irkutsk region, Buryatia, Altai and Krasnoyarsk regions. Violet notched reproduces with the help of seeds. They are formed not every year, so this flower and was on the verge of extinction.

The ancient Greeks also paid attention to the charming plant. In this country she was under the protection of Persephone, abducted by Hades in the realm of the dead. Since then, the flower is a symbol of a dying and resurrected nature.

Today, the population has declined sharply. To the biological peculiarities that lead to extinction, humanity has also put an end to it. Mastering new spaces for the development of tourism and agriculture, it destroys entire plantations of the plant. As a result, we lose one of the finest purple flowers on the planet.

Lily of the valley

Rare plants of the Red Book of Russia include in their list and this name. An amazing flower, a true miracle of nature, was protected by environmentalists because of its mass destruction by people. The legend tells us that the lilies of the valley were formed from the endless stream of tears of the girl after the groom. Falling on the grass, they turned into white little buds.

Lilies of the valley grow in the European part of Russia, they also occur in the forests of the Caucasus and the Far East. In this case, the plant prefers shady places. The height reaches 20-25 centimeters. After buds bloom, on their places are formed berries of green color, which eventually blush. Lilies of the valley are poisonous. Despite this, they are actively used in the treatment of heart disease, ophthalmic ailments, neuroses and depressions. They are often pulled out with roots in large quantities. Therefore, together with other representatives of the flora, this flower is very vulnerable and needs to be protected.

Knowing now which plants are included in the Red Book of Russia, you will pay more attention to their value. By telling this information to your children, you will teach them to love the surrounding world, to cherish it and multiply it.