What is migration and how does it affect the development of society?

Migration as a socio-economic phenomenon and economic category has been known since ancient times. Therefore, many researchers tried to give an exact answer to the question of what migration is. It is believed that the motivation for mass population displacement was mainly great geographical discoveries, and later - the development of capitalism and the movement of capital. This period took place in the 18-19 centuries, and researchers often call it the time of "old migration". What is migration in this period? This is nothing more than a large-scale migration of people from Europe to America. But a new stage began immediately after the end of the Second World War due to the democratization of society.

It is important to understand what migration is by highlighting its main causes and characteristics. To begin with, let us turn to the modern definition of this concept. Migration is the movement of the population, especially the able-bodied. Most families are resettled.

What is migration as an economic phenomenon? What effect does it have on the economy of each individual country, positive or negative? In order to answer the question about what is migration as a whole, let us first turn to its classification.

Geographically, integration, external and internal migration is distinguished. Internal migration is the movement of the economically active population and their families from one city to another within the territory of one country. In Soviet times, it was regulated through voluntary resettlement programs. The internal form includes the pendulum migration, which implies the resettlement of a group of people from their place of residence to a place of work or study. External is the process of organized or spontaneous resettlement of economically active population, which is caused by socio-economic reasons. Its subspecies include permanent, temporary and seasonal migration.

According to the characteristics of the legal status, there is legal and illegal migration. The first is usually documented (in accordance with the standards of the International Labor Organization). Illegal resettlement, by contrast, is a phenomenon that is unpredictable. Such migrants cross the state border illegally in search of a better life.

In the direction of motion, three main types of migration are distinguished:

• Emigration - departure from the country for permanent or temporary residence;
• Re-emigration is the process of the return of a previously able-bodied population who left previously for some reason;
• Immigration - entry into the country by invitation.

In the form of labor, family, tourist and recreational migration. The main reasons for migration as an economic phenomenon are the following:

1) dissatisfaction with living conditions;

2) a higher level of wages abroad;

3) the best technical level of labor abroad;

4) the lack of social conditions for the full realization of natural abilities at home;

5) political, religious, national and cultural reasons.