What is dangerous is flooding. What are the recommendations for the population on safe behavior?

Flooding of certain areas due to rising water levels in rivers, lakes, seas and other water bodies, caused by a sharp and abundant water supply, is called flooding. It can arise as a result of downpours, snow melting, wind surges, as well as with snowstorms, congestions and other natural disasters.

Basic concepts

Specialists distinguish several classes of floods. Depending on them, the scale of distribution is differentiated and the possible consequences are estimated. In order to say exactly what a flood is dangerous for, it is necessary to understand what exactly is at stake. After all, first of all you need to know what consequences it can lead to.

Thus, with a small scale of the disaster, when it comes to so-called low floods, the damage is usually small. Small portions of coastal areas are underflooded, under water there is no more than 10% of agricultural land near water bodies. This does not violate the habitual way of life of the population.

High floods already flood 10-15% of agricultural land. When they approach a partial evacuation of people. Such disasters are capable of making changes in the way of life of the local population, causing significant damage, both moral and material.

It is easy to understand what are the risks of floods, if they are classed as outstanding. They cover entire river basins, flooding about 50-70% of all agricultural land, causing significant damage in populated areas. In such cases, a complete evacuation of residents of coastal villages and cities, the protection of socially significant objects is required. Economic activity is completely paralyzed.

In case of catastrophic floods, many settlements, utilities, industrial enterprises, more than 70% of the land allocated for agriculture are flooded. They cause enormous material damage and lead to the death of people. The activities in the territories that are in the zone of a natural disaster are completely paralyzed, and the life of the population is changing.

Causes of flooding

To understand what is dangerous flooding, what recommendations exist for the population on safe behavior, it is necessary to know the nature of its manifestation.

Thus, high waters, for example, arise as a result of the melting of snow and abundant rainfall in the mountains. They are repeated almost every year in the same season. The high waters are characterized by a significant and prolonged rise in water.

Floods occur as a result of snowmelt during thaws and heavy rains. For this weather cataclysm it is difficult to track the frequency. The rise of water can be intense, but short-term.

Floods caused by congestion (accumulations of ice in the riverbed) or by gluttons (clogging the channel with internal ice) take place in the winter-spring period. With congestion, water rises high, but for a short period. And with the zealots, which are in the beginning of winter, floods are more prolonged.

Rescuers know the danger of a flood caused by wind surges. It can not be predicted in advance, it can begin at any time. The water rises high enough.

When breakthroughs of dams, emergency discharges of water from the reservoirs, a wave forms, which floods large areas, destroys the houses and industrial objects encountered on its way.

Disruptive factors

Regardless of the reasons that led to flooding, the destructive force is one - the flow of water. When assessing what is dangerous for a flood, it is necessary to take into account not only the area affected by the elements, but also the current velocity, the water temperature, its maximum level. The time of the year in which the emergency occurred was also important. Attention is also paid to the speed of water lifting.

All these factors combine to assess the risk of flooding. OBZH also says that we should not forget about other threats. Thus, fires are possible that arise due to the breaking and closing of electrical cables and wires, the collapse of buildings and structures. It is also possible to exclude the possibility of epidemic outbreaks.

Main problems

In floods, all destruction is caused by the flow of water. Possible damages will depend on its intensity. But in any case it is important to know what is dangerous for floods. So, because of them such problems can arise:

- erosion of shores;

- flooding of territories, agricultural lands, economic and industrial objects;

- Damage to engineering structures: bridges, railroad tracks, highways, tunnels, oil and gas pipelines;

- destruction of communications and hydraulic structures: communication systems, dams, dams.

It is important to understand what is dangerous for flooding, what are the recommendations for minimizing losses and preventing possible deaths of people. In addition to the above-described consequences, it is also possible to damage residential and industrial buildings and reduce their capitalization. After all, as a result of the impact of water, the layer of plaster is destroyed, the wooden parts begin to rot, and the soil beneath the foundation is blurred.

Associated Damage Factors

In addition to the consequences caused by the destructive force of water, do not forget about the possibility of fires due to short circuits in dangling electrical lines. But this is still far from a complete list of what a flood is dangerous.

It can cause deforestation of forest species. Also, often after floods, landslides, landslides, and mudflows occur. Possible biological damage to the lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere as a result of chemical or even radioactive contamination of the territory. Floods wash away the fertile layer of soils from agricultural areas.

It is also possible to spread infectious diseases of animals and humans. To prevent their development, it is necessary to know what is dangerous to flood, what recommendations exist for the population on safe behavior.

Fundamental rules

At present, most natural disasters, including floods, can be predicted in advance. As soon as a threat arises, special services begin work, the purpose of which is to minimize the damage. In addition, evacuation points are organized. After all, knowing how dangerous a flood is for a person, rescuers try to take out as many people as possible from the area of possible disaster.

If the trouble has come suddenly, it is necessary to know the basic rules of behavior. So, noticing the arriving water on the street, it makes no sense to leave your house. It is necessary to get as high as possible. In high-rise buildings it is necessary to climb to the upper floors, in private houses - to move to attics. If you know what is dangerous flooding, what recommendations exist for the population, you can stay alive.

First of all it is necessary to remain on the hills before the arrival of rescuers. Do not try to get out of the flooded village on your own. Only coordinated actions of special services and victims can prevent even greater danger and possible death of people.

Recommendations to the population

If you were a victim of a flood, the main thing is to try to keep calm as much as possible. It is necessary to remove all heavy clothes, get rid of shoes. While in the water, look around, find any floating object for which you can grasp. It does not have to be a life ring or an air mattress. You can use the camera from the wheel, a sheet of foam, empty plastic bottles from the water. But do not forget what you need to do and how dangerous the flood is. Briefly: rescuers recommend to get to any elevation. It can be a tree or a roof of a house.

Taking into account the fact that rescue operations are organized immediately, it is necessary to wait for help in the chosen place. When you are found, it is important to listen to all the recommendations and obey all the requirements of the rescuers.

Behavior after flooding

Unfortunately, not everyone knows that after the water has gone the danger remains. Thus, flooding can significantly damage residential buildings and communication systems. Therefore, before entering the room, you should make sure that nothing threatens inside of you.

You can not immediately light a fire and turn on the light, it is necessary to ventilate the room. First of all, make sure that the gas pipes are not damaged. Also do not forget to check the integrity of electrical wiring, water supply and sewage systems.

Special cases

In most cases, they reflect on the danger of flooding, inhabitants of cities located near reservoirs. But there are these natural cataclysms in the deserts. There they are especially dangerous.

Many believe that water in arid areas can not cause problems. But experts know what dangerous floods in the desert. They are usually sudden. Overdried land can not immediately absorb a large amount of moisture. It is also important that people in arid regions are, as a rule, not ready for such elements. There are no fortification and water intake structures capable of containing the pressure of water and withdraw it in time. Moreover, in the deserts, often even roads are laid through the dried riverbeds.

This is such a terrible natural disaster - a flood. Let's hope that our advice will not be of use to you. But it is better to possess the information provided: as it is said, warned - means, armed!