What is a protective coastal strip?

Everyone knows that a person and his economic activities adversely affect the natural environment. And the load on it increases year by year. This fully applies to water resources. And although 1/3 of the surface of the earth is occupied by water, it is impossible to avoid contamination. Our country is not an exception, and the protection of water resources is paid close attention. But it is not possible to solve this problem to the full.

Coastal zones subject to protection

Water protection zone is referred to as the area around which any water bodies belong. Here special conditions are created for human economic activity. In its limits there is a protective coastal strip with a more strict regime of protection, with additional restrictions on the use of nature.

The purpose of such measures is to prevent pollution, contamination of water resources. In addition, the lake may become silted, and the river may become shallow. The water environment is a habitat for many living organisms, including rare and endangered, listed in the Red Book. Therefore, security measures are necessary.

The water protection zone and the coastal protective strip lie between the coastline, which is the boundary of the water body. It is calculated as follows:

• For the sea - by the water level, and if it changes, then by the level of low tide,
• For the pond or reservoir - on a retaining water level,
• For rivers, canals, streams - according to the level of the waters in a period until they are covered with ice,
• For swamps - from their origin along the boundary of peat deposits.

A special regime at the border of water protection zones is regulated by Art. 65 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation.

Design

The basis of the design is the regulatory and legal documents that are approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia and are consistent with those authorities that are responsible for environmental protection.

Design customers - territorial bodies from the Ministry of Water Resources of the Russian Federation. And in the case of reservoirs, given for individual use - water users. They must maintain the territory of the coastal protective strip in proper condition. As a rule, wood-shrub vegetation should grow on the border.

The projects are subject to verification and environmental review, they are coordinated with the executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Special signs indicate where the boundary of the coastal protective strip ends. Before the project enters into force, its size and dimensions of water protection zones are plotted on the layout of settlements, land use plans, cartographic materials. The established boundaries and the regime in these areas should be brought to the attention of the population.

Dimensions of the protective coastal strip

The width of the protective coastal strip depends on the steepness of the slope of the river or lake basin and is:

• 30 m for the zero slope,
• 40 m for a slope of up to 3 degrees,
• 50 m for a slope of 3 or more degrees.

For bogs and flowing lakes, the boundary is 50 m. For lakes and reservoirs where valuable species of fish are found, it will pass within a radius of 200 m from the coastline. On the territory of the settlement, where there are storm sewage drains, its borders pass along the parapet of the embankment. If there is none, then the border will pass along the coastline.

Prohibition of certain types of work

Since the zone of the coastal protective strip has a more strict regime of protection, the list of works that should not be conducted here is quite large:

1. Application of manure for fertilization of the land.
2. Accommodation of agricultural and domestic wastes, cemeteries, cattle cemeteries.
3. Use to discharge polluted water, debris.
4. Washing and repair of machines and other mechanisms, as well as their movement in this zone.
5. Use for transport.
6. Construction and repair of buildings and structures without coordination with authorities.
7. Grazing and summer cattle.
8. Construction of garden and summer cottages, installation of tent camps.

As an exception, the water protection and coastal protection zone is used to accommodate fishing and hunting facilities, water supply facilities, waterworks and water intake facilities. At the same time, a license for water use is issued, which specifies the requirements for compliance with the rules of the water security regime. Those persons who commit unlawful acts in these territories are responsible for their actions within the law.

Construction in the water protection zone

Protective coastal strip is not a place for building, but for the water protection zone there are exceptions to the rules. Real estate objects and "grow" on the coast, and in geometric progression. But how are the requirements of the legislation complied with by the developers? And the law says that "the placement and construction of residential buildings or suburban areas with a width of the water protection area of less than 100 m and a steepness of the slopes of more than 3 degrees is strictly prohibited."

It is clear that the developer first needs to consult about the possibility of construction and the boundaries of the location of the protective coastal strip in the territorial department of the Water Management Department. The answer of this department is necessary for obtaining a building permit.

How to avoid pollution by sewage?

If the structure is already erected and is not equipped with special systems for wastewater filtration , then the use of receivers made of waterproof materials is permitted. They do not allow pollution of the environment.

The facilities that support the protection of clean water sources are:

• Sewage and centralized storm water drainage channels.
• Facilities in which the contaminated water merges (into specially equipped canals). It can be rain and meltwater.
• Local (local) cleaning facility constructed in accordance with the regulations of the Water Code.

Places for collection of consumption and production wastes, systems for waste water disposal into receivers are made of special strong materials. If residential buildings or some other structures are not provided with these facilities, then the protective coastal strip will suffer. In this case fines will be imposed on an individual or an enterprise.

Penalties for violation of water security regime

Penalties for the misuse of protected areas:

• For citizens - from 3 to 4.5 thousand rubles;
• For officials - from 8 to 12 thousand rubles;
• For organizations - from 200 to 400 thousand rubles.

If violations are found in the private housing sector, the penalty is charged to a citizen, and his expenses will be small. In the event of a violation, it must be eliminated within the allotted time. If this does not happen, then the building is demolished, including forcibly.

In case of violations in the protective zone where drinking sources are located, the amount of the fine will be different:

• Citizens will contribute 3-5 thousand rubles;
• Officials - 10-15 thousand rubles;
• Enterprises and organizations - 300-500 thousand rubles.

Scope of the problem

The coastal protection zone of the water body must be operated within the law.

After all, one contaminated lake or reservoir can become a serious problem in the region or region, since everything in nature is interconnected. The larger the reservoir, the more complex its ecosystem. If the natural balance is disturbed, it can not be restored. The extinction of living organisms will begin, and it will be too late to change and take action. Serious violations of the environment of water bodies can be avoided with a competent approach, with the observance of the law, with careful consideration of the natural environment.

And if we talk about the scale of the problem, it is not a question of all mankind, but a reasonable attitude to the nature of each individual person. If a person is sympathetic to the riches that the planet Earth gave him, future generations will be able to see clean, transparent rivers. Scoop up the palm with water and ... try to quench your thirst with water, which you can not drink.