Form of state. Device: what it is

Form of state. Devices - a kind of administrative-territorial principle of reproduction of political power, organized in such a way as to achieve maximum effectiveness of public management. The latter, as is known, is a rather complicated structure, where many individual, collective and class interests are intertwined. Therefore, in order to optimize the governance structure, the state on its territory artificially divides the space into relatively independent subjects, in which it reproduces identical administrative structures (state institutions and their representative offices).

Concept and forms of state. Devices

Thus, it is not only about optimizing the principle of territorial arrangement of power, but also about fixing a model of vertical or horizontal management. In democracies, the basic functions of management are distributed among the bodies of local (communal) management. The state in this case only performs the functions of supervision, control and strategic planning. In authoritarian regimes, on the contrary, emphasis is placed on building a "power vertical", hierarchically clan manageability. Therefore, the main political functionality is given to administrations managed from the center.

Form of state. Device also depends on ingrained practices and features of the historical device. It is generally accepted that there are three main forms in the world - unitary, federative and democratic. Consider them in order.

A unitary state is a country where regions do not have the right to autonomy. Therefore, they can not conduct their own domestic and foreign policies, and also have their representations in the international arena. True, there are also "in general" unitary states, but with their own internal autonomous entities, for example, Ukraine and Spain. Often such an imbalance between different territories provokes conflict situations, especially if autonomy has significant economic potential. Form of state. Devices in such countries is extremely unstable and can change under the pressure of both internal and external factors.

The federal states, as a rule, were formed on the basis of separate sovereign territories, similar mentally, culturally and ethnically. This type is widely represented by former empires and regions that were collected by extra-legal means - the FRG, the USA, the Russian Federation. In this case, the form of state. The device is oriented both at securing national integrity and on politico-economic retention of potentially conflict territories. Note that there is a transfer of some of the sovereign rights to the federal center in exchange for security guarantees. Therefore, despite the complexity of the historical past, such countries are firmly "stitched" entities, united by a single idea and a "plan" for development, which cement the uniqueness of the nation.

Confederation is a temporary formation of sovereign states for the achievement of certain goals. This form of state. Devices - a fairly rare phenomenon and practically does not occur in the modern world.

Form of state. The structure of Russia is a federation, which includes republics, territories, autonomous regions and districts. Such a complex design is due to two factors. First, the peculiarity of the ethnic and national composition of the Russian state. And in other, significant territorial areas, which are easier to manage, relying on relatively small administrative units (subjects).